First, the common fault performance
1. The sound is abnormal: abnormal sounds occur during work, such as the sound of parts, the sound of sound from the exhaust pipe, the sound of gas blowing, the puffing sound of unstable operation, the sound of parts rubbing, the sound of shifting teeth, and so on.
2. The appearance of abnormal: If the exhaust pipe black smoke, white smoke, blue smoke, oil spills, leaks, leaks, dim lights, driving the tractor swinging the first class.
3. Abnormal odors: For example, the burnt smell of rubber, friction plates, and insulating materials, and the smell of oil that is incompletely combusted in the exhaust.
4 abnormal temperature: If the engine temperature is too high, the oil temperature is too high, the transmission, rear axle temperature is too high, generators, bearings and other overheating.
5. Abnormal consumption: fuel, lubricating oil, cooling water consumption increased significantly than usual.
6. The role of abnormal: for example, start difficulties, the work of automatic flameout, clutch slip or no separation, failure of the brakes, transmission shift difficult or automatic gear shift, steering failure, light is not bright.
Second, the cause of the failure
1. Wear: It is the main cause of failure. The basic failure form formed by wear is the component mismatching gap. If the bearing clearance is too large, the clearance between the cylinder and the piston is too large.
2. Looseness: Due to vibration or other reasons, fasteners that are fixed by frictional force loosen or loosen and cause failure. If the connecting rod bolt loosens, the cylinder head nut loosens, and the shaft nut loosens.
3. Fatigue: The phenomenon of damage caused by alternating parts of the load is called fatigue damage. Such as the surface of the gear spots, pits and so on.
4. Obstruction: During the use of the tractor, due to the accumulation of various contaminants and debris in the internal systems, the relevant parts and parts may block or block and lose or weaken the function. Such as air, oil, fuel filter plugging.
5. Aging: Some rubber parts are permanently damaged by light and heat. Such as various seals, cylinder liner water ring, such as the hard contraction, embrittlement and rupture.
6. Corrosion rust: Functional failure of parts due to corrosion and rust. For example, the corrosion of the cylinder wall and the bearing shell, the rust of some external screws make adjustment difficult.
7. Man-made reasons: When the machine was manufactured and repaired, the quality did not meet the requirements, and improper operation or quality was not achieved in the maintenance and repair process, causing the tractor's technical state to be poor, or even malfunction or accident.
Third, the general method of failure analysis
1. Identification of fault signs
Listening: For some abnormal sounds, you should identify the source, tone and characteristics (whether continuous, with or without rhythm, etc.), you can change the speed of the engine, change the position, or use a long handle screwdriver to assist auscultation.
2 Observe: Observe the smoke color of the exhaust, the operating condition, the relative position of each part, the size of the meter reading deviation, the speed of the agricultural implement lifting or settling, the location where the gas, oil and water leaked.
3 Touch: Touch by hand to feel the temperature, vibration, manipulation, etc.
4 sniffing: sniffing the burning smell of the clutch friction plate, the smell of inorganic oil in the exhaust, and the source and concentration of other odors.
2. Fault check judgment
1 Isolation and division method: In the analysis of faults, the work of a part or system can be interrupted intermittently to observe changes in signs or to make signs more obvious, in order to determine the location of the fault.
2 replacement parts comparison method: If you suspect that a part or part is the cause of the failure, replace the suspected part with a spare part with good technical condition, and observe the change of the malfunction sign before and after the replacement of the machine, and determine whether the original part or part is The cause of the fault. 3 Test anti-evidence method: In the analysis of the cause of failure, it is often carried out some tentative adjustments, disassembly, observation of changes in the signs of failure, in order to search or rebut the location of the fault.
4 Instrument inspection method: It is to use certain special instruments or tools to directly or indirectly check the technical status of a certain part.
The above-mentioned several kinds of fault inspection and judgment methods are often used in a staggered manner in the application, and achieve good results that complement each other.
1. The sound is abnormal: abnormal sounds occur during work, such as the sound of parts, the sound of sound from the exhaust pipe, the sound of gas blowing, the puffing sound of unstable operation, the sound of parts rubbing, the sound of shifting teeth, and so on.
2. The appearance of abnormal: If the exhaust pipe black smoke, white smoke, blue smoke, oil spills, leaks, leaks, dim lights, driving the tractor swinging the first class.
3. Abnormal odors: For example, the burnt smell of rubber, friction plates, and insulating materials, and the smell of oil that is incompletely combusted in the exhaust.
4 abnormal temperature: If the engine temperature is too high, the oil temperature is too high, the transmission, rear axle temperature is too high, generators, bearings and other overheating.
5. Abnormal consumption: fuel, lubricating oil, cooling water consumption increased significantly than usual.
6. The role of abnormal: for example, start difficulties, the work of automatic flameout, clutch slip or no separation, failure of the brakes, transmission shift difficult or automatic gear shift, steering failure, light is not bright.
Second, the cause of the failure
1. Wear: It is the main cause of failure. The basic failure form formed by wear is the component mismatching gap. If the bearing clearance is too large, the clearance between the cylinder and the piston is too large.
2. Looseness: Due to vibration or other reasons, fasteners that are fixed by frictional force loosen or loosen and cause failure. If the connecting rod bolt loosens, the cylinder head nut loosens, and the shaft nut loosens.
3. Fatigue: The phenomenon of damage caused by alternating parts of the load is called fatigue damage. Such as the surface of the gear spots, pits and so on.
4. Obstruction: During the use of the tractor, due to the accumulation of various contaminants and debris in the internal systems, the relevant parts and parts may block or block and lose or weaken the function. Such as air, oil, fuel filter plugging.
5. Aging: Some rubber parts are permanently damaged by light and heat. Such as various seals, cylinder liner water ring, such as the hard contraction, embrittlement and rupture.
6. Corrosion rust: Functional failure of parts due to corrosion and rust. For example, the corrosion of the cylinder wall and the bearing shell, the rust of some external screws make adjustment difficult.
7. Man-made reasons: When the machine was manufactured and repaired, the quality did not meet the requirements, and improper operation or quality was not achieved in the maintenance and repair process, causing the tractor's technical state to be poor, or even malfunction or accident.
Third, the general method of failure analysis
1. Identification of fault signs
Listening: For some abnormal sounds, you should identify the source, tone and characteristics (whether continuous, with or without rhythm, etc.), you can change the speed of the engine, change the position, or use a long handle screwdriver to assist auscultation.
2 Observe: Observe the smoke color of the exhaust, the operating condition, the relative position of each part, the size of the meter reading deviation, the speed of the agricultural implement lifting or settling, the location where the gas, oil and water leaked.
3 Touch: Touch by hand to feel the temperature, vibration, manipulation, etc.
4 sniffing: sniffing the burning smell of the clutch friction plate, the smell of inorganic oil in the exhaust, and the source and concentration of other odors.
2. Fault check judgment
1 Isolation and division method: In the analysis of faults, the work of a part or system can be interrupted intermittently to observe changes in signs or to make signs more obvious, in order to determine the location of the fault.
2 replacement parts comparison method: If you suspect that a part or part is the cause of the failure, replace the suspected part with a spare part with good technical condition, and observe the change of the malfunction sign before and after the replacement of the machine, and determine whether the original part or part is The cause of the fault. 3 Test anti-evidence method: In the analysis of the cause of failure, it is often carried out some tentative adjustments, disassembly, observation of changes in the signs of failure, in order to search or rebut the location of the fault.
4 Instrument inspection method: It is to use certain special instruments or tools to directly or indirectly check the technical status of a certain part.
The above-mentioned several kinds of fault inspection and judgment methods are often used in a staggered manner in the application, and achieve good results that complement each other.
Xinghua Jiahe Foods Co., Ltd. , https://www.jiahefoods.com