Seven minutes, three minutes, and improving the quality of sowing are the key to a good harvest. At present, the spring wheat in our province is about to enter the sowing period. How to put a good crop off and improve the quality of sowing will affect the overall situation of spring wheat harvest throughout the year.
First, choose a good species
To seize the high yield of wheat, soil is the foundation, fertilizer is nutrition, water is the lifeline, and species are fundamental. Therefore, we must use good varieties and corresponding quality seeds in order to better play the role of soil, fertilizer, and water. Only by selecting good varieties based on local natural conditions and production conditions can we lay the foundation for achieving high yields. According to the relevant tests and production surveys, spring wheat in dry areas in the central part of China should use good new varieties such as Hunchun 27, Xihan No. 2 and Dingxi No. 40. Hechun and Huanghe Irrigation Areas should use Wingchun No. 26, Hufu No. 2, Ningchun No. 39, Wuchun No. 3, Ningchun No. 4 and other fine new varieties.
Second, apply base fertilizer
Applying base fertilizer is an important measure to win the harvest of spring wheat. According to the characteristics of short spring wheat growth period and low ground temperature in early spring, it is necessary to apply enough base fertilizer. In order to sow early, base fertilizer should be applied before winter combined with autumn cultivation. If the base fertilizer has not been applied at the time of autumn cultivation, it will be necessary to perform spring supplements. When fertilizing, you should use a mixture of post-cooked organic fertilizer and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer, cut with a disc harrow, or plow into the soil with a rotary plough. If there are no farm tools mentioned above, you can concentrate on deepening.
Third, the top Ling early broadcast
There are large differences in climate throughout the province, and the appropriate sowing time varies from place to place. The Suizhong area is generally in mid-March, and the Hexi irrigation area is in the middle-late March. The specific sowing date should be determined according to local conditions such as temperature and lyrics in the local area. Generally when the average temperature of day and night is between 2°C and 4°C, the topsoil is frozen at 4 cm to 6 cm during the day and can be sown when it is still frozen at night. The benefits are: (1) early sowing can germinate early, take root early, early emergence of seedlings, extend seedling growth, root more, Miao Zhuang. (2) The earliest earing differentiation begins early and the spike differentiation time is long, which is favorable for the formation of large spikes. (3) The early sowing of wheat in the jointing stage is at a lower temperature, the roots are short in internodes, and the plants are short and resistant to lodging. (4) Early sowing can achieve early maturation, which can reduce the harm of bad factors such as late dry hot air.
Fourth, select seeds
Due to the short delivery period of spring wheat, fewer tillers, fewer underground stem sections, and fewer secondary root layers, seed roots play an important role in life. Therefore, the selection of grain-filled seeds can increase the number of seeds and green area of ​​the first leaf. It is very beneficial to cultivate strong seedlings.
V. Adding fertilizer
Spring wheat needs early and concentrated fertilizers. Due to the slow decomposition of organic fertilizers and the slow release of nutrients, it is not possible to provide early and effective demand in a timely manner. Therefore, increasing the application of fertilizer has a good effect on early onset of tillering, root development, spike differentiation, and increase of effective panicles. In general, 5 kg of urea and 20 kg of superphosphate are applied before planting. It is also possible to use 4 kg urea or 5 kg ammonium sulphate to sow seeds simultaneously.
Fifth, reasonable close planting
Spring wheat has a short tillering period, and the tillering rate is low. In order to ensure that there are sufficient panicles per unit area, the sowing amount should be increased. However, it cannot be blindly increased. Although the number of seedlings increased by simply increasing the seeding amount, but the number of panicles was small, and even lodging occurred, it was still difficult to obtain high yields. The specific seeding rate depends on factors such as fertility, lyrics, and varieties. It is necessary to adhere to the principle of “keeping seedlings with seed, keeping seedlings with seedlings, keeping secret with fertilizer, and keeping production secretlyâ€. According to the experiment, Hechun Irrigation District, Wingchun 26th to achieve a yield of 550 kg per mu, Mu sowing rate of 50 kg to 55 kg is appropriate. Along the Yellow River Irrigation Area, we must achieve a yield of 450 kilograms, and an appropriate sowing rate of 45 pounds.
Sixth, appropriate shallow broadcast
Under certain conditions, the seeding depth has a great influence on the seedling emergence speed. The shallow spring ground temperature is higher than the deep ground, and the suitable shallow ground temperature is high (effective temperature), the germination is fast, the emergence is early, the root system is developed, and the seedling is strong. In the case of adequate pods, sowing depth of 3 cm to 4 cm is appropriate. Poor wheat fields can be slightly deeper. Sandy and windy areas can be broadcast deep to 6 cm. Too light to drought, reduce the emergence rate. The seedlings are too late and the seedlings are weak (especially in heavy saline-alkali soils.) After sowing, repression should be carried out to make the seeds in close contact with wet soil. Dry and windy wheat fields with poor weather conditions should be repeatedly suppressed.
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