From telephones, office equipment, speakers, digital photo frames, TV control keys, remote controls, GPS systems, car keyless control, to medical monitoring equipment, touch devices are everywhere! Every industry, every product type, every size, every application, and even every price point is inseparable from touch technology. It can be said that touch technology is everywhere.
In fact, if there is an LCD or keyboard on the product, the designer may need to consider how to design a product that uses touch technology. Unfortunately for designers, when designing touch screens, there are many different solutions, a wide range of performances, and of course different design considerations. So now is the time to understand the technology and evaluate your product line. Only in this way can we become the market leader, and good design is the starting point of design.
In-depth analysis of touch technology
Knowing the design needs is the most important first step in touch product design. Many providers on the touchscreen supply chain often offer many different components that are confusing, and more often some providers come together to provide a value chain for end customers. The composition of the touch screen ecosystem is shown in Figure 1. Interestingly, the ecosystem is the same whether it's on the latest laptops or the latest touchscreen phones.
Figure 1: Touch screen controller resolution
#1front panel or frame
The front panel or frame is the top layer of the end product. In some products, the frame encloses a transparent cover to protect it from the harsh weather or moisture of the exterior and to prevent the underlying sensor product from being scratched and damaged (see #3). Sometimes, the outermost frame simply covers the top of the touch sensor, in this case just a decoration.
#2Touch Controller
Typically, the touch controller is a small microcontroller chip that sits between the touch sensor and the PC/ or embedded system controller. The chip can be mounted to the controller board inside the system or to a flexible printed circuit (FPC) attached to a glass touch sensor. The touch controller will extract information from the touch sensor and convert it into information that the PC or embedded system controller can understand.
#3 Touch Sensing
The touch screen "sensor" is a transparent glass plate with a touch-responsive surface. The sensor is placed over the LCD so that the touch area of ​​the panel covers the viewable area of ​​the display. There are many different touch sensing technologies on the market today, each using a different method to detect touch input. Basically, these techniques are such that when touched, current is passed through the panel to produce a voltage or signal change. This voltage change will be sensed by the touch controller to determine the touch location on the screen.
#4液晶显示器(LCD)
Most touch screen systems are used on conventional LCDs. The LCD selection method for touch products is basically the same as in conventional systems, including resolution, resolution, refresh rate, cost, and the like. But another major consideration in touch screens is the level of radiation. Since the technology in the touch sensor is based on a small electrical change caused by the touch of the panel, an LCD capable of radiating a lot of electrical noise is a difficulty in design. Before selecting an LCD for use in a touch system, it should be negotiated with the touch sensor provider.
#5系统软件
The touch screen driver software can come from the original manufacturer (such as the embedded OS in the mobile phone), or it can be installed later (like adding a touch screen to a traditional PC). The software should enable the touch screen to work with the system controller. It tells the product's operating system how to resolve touch event information from the touch controller. In PC-type applications, most touchscreen drivers work like a mouse. This makes the touch screen very similar to the continuous mouse click on the same position on the screen. In an embedded system, the embedded control driver must compare the information that appears on the screen with the location where the touch was received.
Three touch technologies
Resistive touch technology: Resistive touch technology is the most commonly used touch screen technology. It is used for high-traffic flow applications and is immune to water droplets and other residues on the screen. Resistive touch screens are often the lowest cost solution. Since it is a reaction to stress, you can touch it with your fingers, a gloved hand, a touch pen, or other object like a credit card.
Surface capacitive touch technology: Surface capacitive touch technology provides display clarity that is much clearer than the plastic film typically used in resistive touch. In the surface capacitive display, sensors located at the four corners of the display detect changes in capacitance due to touch. Such touch screens can be touch activated with a finger or other capacitive object.
Protective capacitive touch: Protective capacitive touch is a technology that has only recently entered the market. This technology also provides excellent light transmission, but it also has some advantages over surface capacitive touches. Projected capacitive touch does not require position calibration and provides much higher positional accuracy. Another exciting thing about projected capacitive touch is that it can support multi-touch at the same time.
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