Hot wire anemometer basic knowledge

An anemometer that converts a flow rate signal into an electrical signal that also measures fluid temperature or density. The principle is that a thin metal wire (called) that is electrically heated is placed in the airflow, and the amount of heat dissipation in the airflow is related to the flow rate, and the heat dissipation causes a temperature change to cause a resistance change, and the flow rate signal is converted into an electrical signal. It has two modes of operation: A constant current. The passing current remains unchanged. When the temperature changes, the resistance changes, so the voltage at both ends changes, thereby measuring the flow rate; B constant temperature type. The temperature remains the same, such as maintaining 150 ° C, and the flow rate can be measured according to the current applied. The thermostatic type is more widely used than the constant current type. The length is generally in the range of 0.5 to 2 mm, and the diameter is in the range of 1 to 10 μm. The material is platinum, tungsten or platinum-rhodium alloy. If a thin metal film (thickness less than 0.1 micron) is used instead of the metal wire, it is a hot film anemometer, which functions similarly to the hot wire, but is mostly used to measure the liquid flow rate. In addition to the ordinary single line type, it can also be a combined two-wire or three-wire type to measure the velocity components in all directions. The output electrical signal is amplified, compensated and digitized and input into the computer to improve the measurement accuracy, automatically complete the data post-processing process, and expand the speed measurement function, such as simultaneously completing the instantaneous value and the time average value, the combined speed and the sub-speed, the turbulence and Measurement of other turbulence parameters. Compared with the pitot tube, the anemometer has a small probe volume, small interference to the flow field, fast response, and can measure unsteady flow rate; it can measure very low speed (such as as low as 0.3 m/s). The anemometer also has a construction principle called a hot ball anemometer: an anemometer is an instrument capable of measuring low wind speed, and its measurement range is 0.05-10 m/s. It consists of two parts: a hot ball type probe and a measuring instrument. The probe has a glass ball of 0.6 mm in diameter surrounded by a nickel-chromium wire loop for heating the glass ball and two thermocouples connected in series. The cold end of the thermocouple is attached to the phosphor bronze pillar and is directly exposed to the gas stream. When a certain amount of current passes through the heating coil, the temperature of the glass ball rises. The degree of elevation is related to the wind speed, and the degree of increase in wind speed is large; on the contrary, the degree of elevation is small. The degree of elevation is indicated on the meter by a thermocouple. According to the reading of the meter, check the calibration curve to find out the wind speed (m/s).

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