Peach is difficult to walk away from calcium deficiency
Peach fruit some softened sutures, and even began to ulcerate; some fruit shape is not perfect, suture collapse, coloring is not good. This is due to the fruit of calcium deficiency or low calcium and high calcium. Not only does it cause yield loss to the peach farmers, but it also brings difficulties to the peach fruit marketing. The shelf life is short and the operating efficiency is greatly reduced.
The Institute of Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Pinggu County Agricultural Research Institute cooperated to spray calcium in the young peach fruit period. The disease rate was reduced from 30% to 10% and the economic benefits were significant. It is recommended to spray calcium chloride 0.3% (industrial grade anhydrous calcium chloride) or 0.4% (technical grade containing 2 molecules of crystalline calcium chloride) plus borax 0.1% mixture, spraying from the young fruit stage in the growing season 3 -4 times. Peach young fruit surface hair, can add appropriate amount of adhesive. Because calcium is not easily transferred to the peach after entering the foliage, it is important to spray fruit. By spraying calcium supplements, do not over-apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers to slow the competition for vegetative growth on calcium.
Apple spray calcium anti-bitterness
Apple's bitter pitch disease is an important disease in the fruit's near mature stage and early storage stage. It is mainly manifested in the fruit, generally relying on the pods and relying on the one end of the pedicel. At the beginning, brown lesions appeared under the skin, the outer color was dark, dark purple spots appeared on the red varieties, dark green spots appeared on the green varieties, and gray-brown spots formed on the blue varieties.
The occurrence of bitter pit disease in apple is mainly related to the content of nitrogen and calcium in fruit and its proportion. Control methods: (1) Selection of disease-resistant varieties and rootstocks. (2) Improve the cultivation and management conditions. (3) Foliar and fruit spray calcium. The flowering period is sprayed once every 2-3 weeks until harvesting; or red varieties often spray calcium chloride 150-200 times before the onset of 2-3 months; yellow, green varieties spray calcium nitrate for 4-6 times. However, it should be noted that temperatures above 21°C are prone to disease, so spray should be tested before spraying to determine the appropriate concentration. (4) Strengthen the management of storage period. Prior to storage, the fruit was impregnated with 2-8% calcium salt solution. Storage period to control the temperature in the pit not higher than 0 °C -2 °C, and maintain good permeability. Conditional use of a small air-conditioning library, if necessary, can be post-harvest apples in a pre-cooled pool 1 °C cooling, and then stored.
Pre-harvest calcium injection
During the ripening period of grapes, the calcium ion was reduced by 50%, and the calcium deficiency phenomenon was prominent. The lack of calcium in fruits is not conducive to storage, and calcium spray before harvest can significantly improve fruit quality and resistance to hiding, and reduce the rate of wear during storage.
1. After the whole fruit was sprayed with calcium, the calcium content of the whole fruit was increased, and the maximum increase was 39.3%. It also increases the pressure resistance of the berries.
2. The calcium treatment delays the degradation of the flavor substances in the berry. At the end of storage, the calcium sprayed fruit flavor was not reduced, but the calcium sprayed fruit flavor became lighter.
3, fruit pressure increased by 367 grams, fruit shank resistance increased 79 grams. As the fruit breaks and the loss of grains decreases, the loss during storage decreases by 64.3%.
Grape spears were sprayed with calcium nitrate, and the appropriate concentration was 1% for 30 days and 40 days before picking, and the suitable concentration was 1.5% for 10 days before picking. The surface of the grape fruit has waxiness, so it is not easy to be drugged. Adhesives should be added.
Fruit spray calcium enhances resistance to disease
Calcium is one of the essential mineral elements in fruit trees and it is closely related to fruit growth and development. Physiological diseases of fruits will occur due to calcium deficiency in fruits. In order to prevent such hazards, Yang Hanming, a fruit tree expert in our province, recommends that calcium be sprayed during the growing period of fruit trees to increase the calcium level of fruits, which can not only prevent physiological diseases but also improve fruit quality and enhance fruit quality. Resistance to fungal attack.
The lack of calcium in fruit is not due to calcium deficiency in the soil, but due to absorption and distribution disorders. Poor soil management, poorly developed root systems, or lack of water during droughts can adversely affect calcium absorption. If partial nitrogenous fertilizer is applied, the branches and leaves grow too prosperous, the competition between the branches and leaves for calcium is intensified, and the accumulation of calcium in the fruits is reduced.
The following measures are taken to prevent fruit calcium disorders:
1. First, adjust the cultivation and management measures. Increase the application of organic fertilizer, balanced with the fertilizer elements, to prevent partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, to avoid the application of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer. Improve soil management and promote root growth. Fine pruning, proper summer cut, control overgrown leaves grow.
2. Spray calcium during the growth period. The calcium supplement to the fruit depends mainly on spraying. Calcium nitrate, calcium chloride, and chelated calcium are the main calcium compounds that have been reported in the experiment. The use of borax is more effective than single calcium injection. The commonly used spraying concentration is: calcium nitrate 0.4% plus borax 0.1%; calcium chloride 0.3% plus borax 0.1%. The absorption of accumulated calcium in apple and peach fruits is mainly in the young fruit period, and can also be absorbed in the late fruit development period. Generally, it can be sprayed 3-8 times in young fruit period before harvesting. The bagged orchard can be sprayed 2-3 times before bagging and sprayed once after the bag is unwrapped. At the same time, it can receive the effect of improving the hardness, storage, intrinsic quality and extending the shelf life of the fruit, and enhance the disease resistance of fruits and reduce the rotten fruit.
Experts reminded: calcium nitrate, calcium chloride can be mixed with a variety of fungicides spraying, but can not be mixed with sulfur-containing pesticides and phosphates (such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate), so as not to produce insoluble precipitate. Both calcium nitrate and calcium chloride are very hygroscopic and must be sealed against moisture after opening and closing.
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