The energy required for poultry to grow tissues, lay eggs, and essential activities and maintain normal body temperature is derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the diet. The main part of poultry's intake of food is for providing energy. The dietary energy consumed by poultry can be used in three ways: work, conversion to heat, or storage in animals in the form of body tissue (fat). The most effective nutrient supply for poultry is obtained when the energy contained in the diet is precisely proportional to the other nutrients needed for optimum growth, egg production, or broiler chicks' optimal body condition. Knowing the energy needs of poultry at each stage of its growth and development, and knowing the metabolizable energy value of the feed used in chicken-based diets, it is possible to accurately predict feed intake for various types of poultry under specific environmental conditions. Based on the determination of protein and amino acids, minerals and vitamins, etc., the nutrients supplied can guarantee the best growth and production performance of the poultry.
1. The energy needs of growing poultry
As the age of the week increases, the body fat content of poultry increases, so the metabolic energy in growing poultry diets should increase as the age increases. Chickens such as broiler chickens in the growth stage have faster growth and higher feed utilization. Usually, high-energy diets are prepared using oils and fats, but high-energy and high-protein diets can easily lead to ascites, sudden death, and leg diseases. Incidence and high mortality. In general, the feed energy requirement for chicks from 0 to 2 weeks of age is 11.9 to 12.4 MJ/kg, and that of chicken at 2 to 8 weeks is 11.7 to 13.0 MJ/kg.
2, the energy needs of egg-laying poultry
The energy needs of egg-laying poultry can be divided into parts: the need for maintenance, the need for weight gain, and the need for egg production. Animals have the ability to adjust feed intake based on feed energy concentration, and thus regulate energy intake. Normal feed metabolic energy is in the range of 10.0-14.2 MJ/kg. Layers, ducks and broilers can ensure energy intake through adjustment of their own feed intake without affecting egg production and growth. The metabolic energy concentration in laying hens' diets is usually 10-12 MJ/kg, and the energy concentration of diets should be appropriately increased during the peak period of egg production and heat stress. In summary, the dietary energy level of laying hens should not be lower than 10.9 MJ/kg, and the cold climate needs to be increased by about 20%, that is, about 11.5 MJ/kg.
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