Organic agricultural products are the highest standards for agricultural products. It is a kind of agricultural product that does not use chemical fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators, feed additives for livestock and poultry, and does not use genetic engineering and its products. It follows the laws of nature and ecology and adopts a series of sustainable agricultural technologies. It coordinates the relationship between cultivation and aquaculture, thus promoting ecological balance. Such as: organic rice, organic vegetables, organic grains, etc.
The economic benefits of the production of organic rice are very obvious. The hectares of the hectares increase the income by up to RMB 40,000. The organic rice production fully utilizes the farmyard manure produced in the production and living waste, purifies the village environment, and applies farmyard manure and ducklings in the paddy fields. It can improve soil physical and chemical properties, make full use of reclaimed soil, and improve the quality and yield of crops;
The production of organic agricultural products is a requirement of the market. In recent years, with the demand of high-end consumers, the market space has been increasing year by year, and the production efficiency has also been significantly improved. It is the need for the development of stable and lasting agriculture. Due to the long-term single application of chemical fertilizers, the soil structure deteriorates year by year, and the stability of the soil and the increase in yield are decreasing year by year. It is the need to improve the ecological environment. Air pollution, river pollution, food pollution, serious threat to human survival and health, consumption of non-polluting organic rice, ensure food safety, good for people's health; promote ecological agriculture and sustainable agriculture development of.
Second, the economic benefits of organic rice production
Survey results show:
(1) Organic rice: The output indicators of organic rice and conventional rice are basically the same, the maturity is increased by 3%, the sales price is increased by 0.6 yuan per kilogram, the income is increased by 5,088 yuan per hectare, and the pesticide and fertilizer input per hectare is 1644 yuan. Total revenue per hectare increased by 6732 yuan.
(2) Organic rice: organic rice production and conventional rice production save 344 yuan in pesticides per hectare, reduce fertilizer input by 1,300 yuan, increase the balance of ducks by 400 yuan, increase labor input by 200 yuan, and raise organic rice rice by 2%. Rice production increased by 170 kg per hectare, sales price increased by 6.2 yuan per kilogram, and sales revenue increased by 38,504 yuan. Total savings per hectare of rice are saved by 40,000 yuan.
Third, organic rice cultivation techniques
Organic rice production must not use any synthetic chemical substances such as pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Weeding and pest prevention are replaced by agronomic practices. A combination of manual and biological control methods is used to produce rice.
1. Honda fertilization: Apply adequately decomposed farmyard fertilizer with 40-45 cubic meters per hectare. One-time application of basal fertilizer without top-dressing. (In order to ensure stable production and stress resistance, the amount of chemical fertilizer can be reduced by 50% in the first year, 75% by the second year, and no fertilizer can be applied in the third year. The chemical fertilizer residue in the soil is basically released).
2, seed selection, soaking:
(1) Choose high quality varieties with strong resistance, such as Jixi 83 and Jixi 88.
(2) Rice seed treatment: The use of warm water as a substitute for the soaking and bactericidal treatment of rice pesticides to prevent bakanae disease.
The main points of warm water treatment:
1 Rice seeds must be dried. 2 With 15 kg of warm water, the water temperature is maintained at 60 degrees Celsius. 3 4 kg rice seeds, soaked in warm water at 60 degrees Celsius for 10-15 minutes. 4 After the soaked seeds are removed, they are soaked with 15 kg of cold water immediately to return them to normal temperature. Then use 1:1.13 saline for seed selection.
3. Seedling: Prepare a nutrient soil in a ratio of 2:1 with a fully-composed farmyard manure in the next year's mountain bark soil or field soil, use the rice vinegar to adjust the acid in bed soil, replace the rice seedbed conditioner, and apply 20 kg of nutrient soil per square meter. . Seedlings and underground pests are driven off by wormhole ash. The hopper ash is evenly spread on the surface of the bed and then the nutrient soil is spread. Then the bed surface is raked thinly and sowed, evenly covered with 1.0 cm of soil, and then covered in a layer of soil. 0.5 centimeters fine sand protects the grass.
4, seedbed management: dilute sowing, two wet seeds per square meter 3? 5; broth breeding, control of temperature and moisture, improve resistance; in the four sides of the seedbed with poison Valley to control underground pests; artificial timely weeding.
5. Site preparation: After spreading high-quality farmyard fertilizer evenly on Honda, it will be deep-buried. The grassland was extinguished twice, with an interval of about 7 to 10 days, to keep the water layer under control.
6, sparse plug strong 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 seedlings with 蘖 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? , , , , , 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧. Improve seedling quality and enhance plant resistance.
7. Honda Management:
(1) Weeding mainly consists of weeding in paddy fields, supplemented by manual weeding.
1 specific methods: 7-10 ducks per acre, duck time should not be too early, in June 10 or so, when the good weather for the duck, duck orders should be more than 50 days in advance to plan a duck duck. After the duck is put into the field, there is no need for artificial care. The Honda is protected by a net. The duck house is set on the field hoe. The weeds in the field are put in a lot. Otherwise, the grazing will be carried out in the early stage to prevent ducks from eating rice. .
2 Benefits: ducks in the rice field, eat grass in the hours, grow to eat mainly dicotyledonous weeds, while ducks stampede can indirectly play a role in weed control, the excrement is a good organic fertilizer, can increase the soil Fertility is about 15%, increasing the rice yield by about 7%. Ducks have the habit of nature, can play the role of cultivating the living soil, loosen the soil, increase oxygen, promote rice root development, after the autumn live rod maturity, increase rice 1000-grain weight and maturity.
(2) Pest control:
1 Mainly duck pest control: Ducks can eat adults and larvae of rice water weevil, rice borer, and negative mudfish in rice fields.
2 Biological methods to control pests: The stem borer is the main pest of rice in the North, and Trichogramma can be used to control it (the time is basically the same as that of the corn field). Due to the sparse plug-in, Honda rice plants grow robustly, and rice blast, sheath blight and other diseases generally occur less or not, and the biological agents such as kasugamycin can be used for prevention and treatment in severe cases.
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