When does the eggplant grow? How do eggplants grow? For farmers, understanding the time and method of eggplant seedlings has a good effect on improving eggplant yield and quality. The following content is a detailed summary of the time and method of eggplant seedlings, farmers can refer to the use of eggplant.
First, when does the eggplant grow?
Eggplants are cultivated in early spring, whether in open or protected areas. The seedling age is mostly 80-90 days. The seedling time is determined according to the planting time, and the planting time is determined according to the cultivation environment and the ground temperature. Generally cultivated in early spring, the minimum ground temperature of 10 cm is stable above 13 °C before it can be planted. In the solar greenhouse production, the ground temperature can reach above 15 °C, and the temperature can reach more than 20 °C. After determining the colonization time, it is estimated that about 80-90 days is the seeding time.
Second, eggplant seedling technology
1, soaking seeds and germination
First, the seeds were placed in warm water at 55 ° C, the water consumption was 5-6 times the amount of seeds, the agitation was continued, and the water temperature was maintained at 55 ° C for 10-15 minutes, and then soaked for 8-12 hours in its naturally falling water temperature. The eggplant seed coat is thick and difficult to absorb. If the seed is not sufficiently fermented and is more difficult to germinate, it should be washed first with 0, 2-0, 5% lye, and repeatedly rinsed with water until the seed coat is clean and free of mucus. It can also be soaked in a 1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes before soaking. During the soaking process, change the water every 5-8 hours. When the seeds are fully absorbed, rinse them with clean water, wrap them in a multi-layer wet cloth or sackcloth, pour off the water, put them in a container, and put them in a warm place. Promote germination. Eggplant germination temperature is 25-35 °C, because the seed maturity is not uniform, the temperature and oxygen in the germination bag are uneven, which will cause the seed to germinate. Therefore, it is best to use variable temperature germination, and the temperature is 30 °C for 8 hours. At 20 ° C for 16 hours, after 5-6 days, 75% of the seeds are white and the budding is uniform. During the germination, the seed bag should be frequently turned over to facilitate the exchange of seed coat gas.
2, sowing
Eggplant growth requires higher temperatures, and the greenhouse is best sown with a seed box. This method can be moved at will, making it easy to adjust temperature and light. First, lay a layer of 3 cm thick nutrient soil in the seeding box; pour the first water into the water. After the water seeps down, sprinkle a layer of fine soil, spread or ditch the seed, and cover 1 cm thick fine soil after sowing. Cover the plastic film and remove the seeds when they are unearthed.
3. Seedling management
After sowing, the room temperature is required to be 25-30 ° C, the light is even, and the seedlings emerge after 5-6 days. After 80% of the young shoots are unearthed, the room temperature is lowered to 20-25 °C during the day and 20 °C at night. When the temperature exceeds 28 °C, the ventilation should not be too large. When the room temperature drops to about 20 °C, the air release is stopped. When the cotyledons have been unfolded, the first true leaf tip can be raised at room temperature by 25-27 ° C during the day, 16-18 ° C at night, and ground temperature of 18-20 ° C to promote the smooth growth of the true leaves until transplantation. Under the condition of sufficient soil water, the growth and development of eggplant is good. When the water is insufficient, the flower bud differentiation is late, the result period is postponed, and the early stage yield is decreased. Before the eggplant is sown and transplanted, the bottom water must be poured into the foot. Later, according to the growth of the seedling, the water should be properly added to meet the growth requirements. Eggplant seedlings have strict requirements on light conditions, and sufficient light is not only conducive to flower bud differentiation, but also enables seedling growth and development to proceed smoothly. When the light is insufficient, the flower buds are differentiated late, the seedlings are long and the deformed flowers appear, which directly affects the formation of yield. In order to improve the lighting conditions, the nursery box can be tilted south to gain light. Increase the area of ​​the nutrition paper bag for transplantation, the discharge density is reasonable, and it also has the effect of improving the light conditions.
Fourth, eggplant management technology
1, transplant
Eggplant root regeneration ability is poor, new roots are difficult to occur, generally only in the seedlings 2-3 true leaves, flower bud differentiation has not yet begun when transplanted into the nutrition paper bag. The use of nutrient paper bag seedlings is a better way to protect the roots of eggplants. Only when adding nutrient soil, pay more attention to adding some nitrogen fertilizer. The water in the nutrition paper bag is poured 1-2 days before the transplant, and the bottom of the paper bag is wet. At the time of transplantation, the seedlings are shaken out of the loose soil in the seeding box, and the roots are placed in a nutrition paper bag, and are not bent. When the eggplant is planted, the standard of the seedling is: the seedling height is 18-20 cm, 6-7 leaves, the stem is more than 70% bud, the stem is thick, purple, and the root system is developed.
2, colonization
Before the planting, the base fertilizer is 5000 kilograms, and after deep ploughing, it is made into a high ridge with a width of 60-65 cm and a height of 15 cm. Then, two shallow trenches are opened on the ridge, and the bottom water is poured. After the water has permeated, it is planted according to the plant spacing of 30-40 cm, and then the soil is sealed from the middle of the two shallow ditch on the high ridge. The depth of planting should be equal to the nursery and the surface. A total of 3000-4000 plants are planted in acres.
The planting time should choose the warming period just after the cold current. According to the law of northern climatic conditions, the selection of this planting period can ensure that the seedlings maintain fine weather within 3-5 days after planting, which helps to slow down the seedlings. The day of planting should be carried out at a high temperature of 10-14 hours.
3. The biggest difficulty after the eggplant is planted is the lack of ground temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the cold insulation during the low temperature season after planting. 7-10 days after planting, keep room temperature above 30 °C, in order to increase the ground temperature, add night temperature, and slow down the seedlings as soon as possible. And try to keep the ground temperature stable at 16-18 °C. After the slow seedling period, the plants begin to grow normally, and every day, attention should be paid to revealing the light. If the light is insufficient, it is easy to cause falling flowers. After the seedlings are opened, the eggplant flowers are open and enter the result period. At this time, attention should be paid to adjusting the balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. The room temperature is lowered to 25-30 °C during the day and 15-17 °C during the night, so that the eggplant can be flowered. It can be lush foliage. When the room temperature exceeds 25 °C, the amount of air is released, the excess moisture in the room is eliminated, the carbon dioxide content is increased, the light intensity is increased, and the falling flower is reduced. Even on a cloudy day, we must insist on proper air release, but we must pay special attention to the amount of air released and the time of release.
4, eggplant planted and poured over the slow seedling water to the eggplant flowering period, no longer watering, until the door eggplant generally grows to 3 cm, and then watering and fertilizing. The amount of fertilizer in the first time can be larger, 10-20 kg of ammonium sulfate or 1000 kg of manure. When the eggplant begins to expand, the second fertilizer water is given, and after 10-15 days, the fertilizer water is poured once, and the result is that there is no shortage of water and fat in the middle and late stages.
5. Eggplant is a hi-light crop, but it is difficult to meet the needs of natural light in winter and spring in the greenhouse. The plants are long and short stigma flowers appear, causing fruit malformation. Therefore, in addition to cleaning the greenhouse roof every day, it is necessary to hang a reflective curtain to reduce the rear lighting gap in the greenhouse and increase the light intensity.
6, 2-3 days before the opening of the eggplant with 25-30ppm2, 4-4 smear the fruit handle, or spray flowers, each flower only once, can not be repeated, can not spill the liquid on the leaves.
7. Pruning in time to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions. After the eggplant is inflated, the germinated side branches and the lower old leaves are removed, and the second fruit (the eggplant) is also wiped off.
8. The result is to increase the amount of fertilizer and water in due course. Generally, water is poured once every 7-10 days, and chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer are used alternately. At the same time, increase the amount of ventilation to meet the needs of photosynthesis and promote fruit ripening.
9, harvest. The eggplant is fully inflated, and the fruit is purple and shiny when harvested early to increase the early yield and increase the output value. It is best to cut from the handle when harvesting to reduce bruises.
5. Abnormal phenomena during seedling stage and prevention and treatment of diseases
1. Seedling disease
Seedlings can be ill after they have not been unearthed or unearthed. When not unearthed, the embryo stem and cotyledon rot; after emergence, the seedlings develop, the base of the young stem is water-stained lesions at first, then becomes brown, collapses into a line, the seedlings fall to the ground, and the cotyledons have not withered when they die. It is green. When the temperature is high and high humidity, a layer of white cotton-like hyphae can grow in the topsoil near the diseased plant.
Control measures: First, after sowing, 2g of chlorogenic powder can be used per square meter of seedbed, and the fine soil should be evenly spread on the bed. The seedling stage and seedling stage of eggplant are susceptible to rickets, so try to control the water as much as possible. The soil temperature should not be lower than 15 °C. The second is to timely remove the diseased seedlings and bury them in the soil.
2, dead seedlings and old seedlings
The soil temperature is low and dry, and it is easy to form dead seedlings and old seedlings. The plants are short, the stems and leaves are fine and yellowish green, and the roots are rusted.
Control measures: First, use low temperature resistant varieties, followed by heating facilities, such as laying geothermal lines, and adding small arch sheds, two curtains and other insulation facilities, pouring warm water or sputum, strengthening temperature and moisture management to improve ground temperature.
The introduction of eggplant seedling technology and seedling pest control measures is introduced here. Understanding the time and method of eggplant seedlings has a good effect on improving the yield and quality of eggplant.
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