Feed antibiotics have a great effect on promoting animal growth and promoting the development of aquaculture, but the long-term use of antibiotics can lead to bacterial variation, the emergence of drug-resistant strains, livestock and poultry products and drug residues in the environment, directly or Indirectly endangering human health. To this end, people began to look for healthy, environmentally friendly and efficient animal feed instead of antibiotic feed.
Based on the optimization of the previous Corn-soybean mixed feed fermentation process, this study explored the effects of antibiotic-free fermented feed on the growth performance and fecal microbes of weaned piglets, and provided a scientific basis for the application of fermented mixed feed in animal diets.
1. Materials and methods
1.1 Antibiotic-free fermented feed
Antibiotic-free fermented feed: Corn and soybean meal are weighed, pulverized and mixed at a ratio of 50% each, used as a raw material for the fermentation mixture; then fermented, using the strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bacillus subtilis Bacillus, Bacillus licheniformis, yeast composition, water to water ratio of 1: 0.45; anaerobic fermentation at 35 ° C for 60 h.
1.2 Test animals and grouping
A total of 120 28-day-old Changbai two piglets with the same parity and similar body weight were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. Each group received 6 replicates, and each pig was repeated for a 47-day feeding trial. The test pigs were provided by Yifa Animal Husbandry.
1.3 Test design
In the control experiment design, the control group added 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline and 100 mg/kg olaquindox to the basal diet; the test group used 10% antibiotic-free fermented feed to replace the corresponding corn-soybean meal diet in the basal diet. , no antibiotics added.
1.4 Feeding management
The pigs were kept in different columns in the same circle. The feeding management and environmental conditions of each group were completely the same. They were all free to eat and drink water. They were dewormed, immunized and epidemic in accordance with the conventional management methods. . Carefully observe the pig's feeding, feces and mental status.
1.5 Measurement items
The fasting weight of the test pigs was weighed in duplicates at 28 and 75 days of age, and the amount of feed and remaining feed were recorded, and the average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed-to-weight ratio were calculated.
At the age of 75 days, fresh feces were randomly collected from the experimental group and the control group, and colony counts were performed.
2. Results and analysis
2.1 Effect of antibiotic-free fermented feed on growth performance of weaned piglets
The average daily gain (0.46 g VS 0.40 g), average daily feed intake (0.71 g VS 0.65 g) and feed-to-weight ratio (1.54 VS 1.63) were better in the experimental group than in the control group. It is indicated that adding 10% antibiotic-free fermented feed to weaned piglets can significantly increase the average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed-to-weight ratio of weaned piglets.
2.2 Effects of antibiotic-free fermented feed on fecal microbes in weaned piglets
The number of lactic acid bacteria in the experimental group (41.88 × 107 cfu / g VS 31.04 × 107 cfu / g), the number of bifidobacteria (32.16 × 107 cfu / g VS 29.25 × 107 cfu / g) was significantly higher than the control group, the number of E. coli (14.11) ×107 cfu/g VS 15.08×107 cfu/g), and the number of Salmonella (1.10×107 cfu/g VS 1.91×107 cfu/g) was significantly lower than that of the control group. It is indicated that adding 10% antibiotic-free fermented feed to the weaned pig diet can reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria E. coli and Salmonella in the feces of weaned piglets, and increase the number of probiotic lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria.
3. Conclusion
Without the addition of antibiotics, the use of 10% antibiotic-free fermented feed instead of the corresponding corn-soybean meal diet in the basal diet can replace antibiotics, increase the average daily gain of weaned piglets, improve the feed-to-weight ratio, and regulate the intestinal tract. The balance of microbial flora provides a viable route for the production of non-anti-pork.
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