The heat of gene sequencing has not yet passed, and gene therapy has once again entered people's field of vision. This time, China's position as a leader is at the forefront of the world.
In March 2017, Wu Shizhen, dean of Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, also began to use genetic editing technology to treat cancer patients. On January 21st, the US "Wall Street Journal" published a long article, commenting on China's first initiative to start genetic editing human trials, including the report of Wu Shizhen.
On February 21st, the National Public Radio website published an article entitled "Chinese doctors in the leading position in cancer gene therapy". The article said that 53-year-old esophageal cancer patients were tested for genetic repair in Hangzhou Cancer Hospital. treatment. This is also a new treatment for all types of cancer by Wu Shiyi's team.
It is understood that Wu Shiyi's team took blood samples from patients with esophageal cancer and transported them to the laboratory of Anhui Kedun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. through high-speed rail, using CRISPR technology to delete the genes affecting tumor killing in immune cells in the blood. It is returned to the patient's body, and it is hoped that the modified immune cells can kill the tumor cells for therapeutic purposes. According to the news, in China's CRISPR research, in addition to esophageal cancer, there are eight other studies. In contrast, the US government approved a second therapy based on the transformation of patients' autoimmune cells on October 19, 2017. (yescarta gene therapy) for the treatment of patients with specific lymphoma.
According to related reports, in July 2016, Lu Yu, a professor of oncology at West China Hospital of Sichuan University, announced that he would launch the “world's first†CRISPR–Cas9 gene editing human clinical trial. On October 28 of the same year, the first cancer patient accepted the classic CRISPR technology engineered T cell therapy. At the same time, there are reports that as early as 2015, the 105th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army in Hefei, Anhui Province, has begun the CRISPR human trial.
In the field of gene therapy, China's start is not fast. In 1963, the DNA double helix structure was published for ten years. Joshua Lederberg, an American molecular biologist and Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine, proposed the concept of gene exchange and gene optimization. But because of little knowledge of genes, gene therapy has suffered a lot of failures. In the 1970s and 1980s, restriction endonucleases, DNA ligases, and reverse transcriptases were discovered, genetic recombination engineering techniques were developed, viral vectors appeared, and gene therapy technology systems were initially available. In 1980, Klein performed gene therapy similar to mouse experiments on two critically ill patients without any institutional approval, but this attempt failed. Klein’s failed attempts were widely and severely criticized and punished. But it is because of this failure that gene therapy is well known to the general public. Shortly after this incident, the NIH DNA Recombination Technology Steering Committee formed the Gene Therapy Subcommittee. This marks the beginning of the United States to focus on gene therapy from the government and management levels. But this time, China has been at the forefront of gene therapy and has become a leader in the world of gene therapy.
Is China too radical? Or is the US too conservative? This issue has become the focus of attention from all walks of life. In terms of informed consent of the subjects, both China and the United States will allow patients to sign informed consent before the trial begins to ensure the patient's right to know. For the deaths that occurred during the trial, the data showed that there were 7 deaths in the trial of Wu Shizhen, and he said that the death of the patient was caused by the disease and was not related to the trial itself, so there was no need to report it. In addition, in terms of the safety of new treatment methods, Wu Shizhen believes that saving patients' lives is the most important. He has edited the genes of more than 10 cancer patients and plans to test them on more patients in the future.
At this stage, gene therapy is undoubtedly a double-edged sword, and due to the immature nature of the field, there is no ideal balance between rapid advancement and security. However, while paying attention to risks, it is more important to look at their treatment outcomes. In recent years, China has been striving to push domestic industries to the international stage. In the field of gene therapy, radical or conservative, the ultimate goal is to promote the healthy development of human health. But as mentioned in the article, while developing and progressing, it is necessary to find a balance between rapid advancement and security.
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