During the early summer, the seasons alternated. This is the weather getting hotter. In addition to strengthening daily management, we must also do a good job in pest control. So what are the common pests and diseases of fruits and vegetables? How to carry out comprehensive prevention and control? The following small series will come to a detailed explanation.
First, the fruit and vegetable crops
At the end of April and early May, the spring and summer handover, after the summer began to enter the hot summer, is the peak season for all kinds of vegetable sowing and growing, is also the busiest stage of vegetable production management. Therefore, it is necessary to timely manage the field cultivation of various crops to ensure normal growth.
1. The greenhouse cultivation of fruits and vegetables is mainly based on temperature regulation and humidity regulation. Since the temperature in the greenhouse rises rapidly in May, the temperature in the shed at sunny noon exceeds 35 °C, and the film should be promptly released to reduce the temperature and prevent high temperature damage. At 8 o'clock in the morning, the film is peeled off after 4 o'clock in the afternoon. The temperature is kept at 28-30 ° C and the temperature is around 17 ° C at night. The air humidity should be kept at 80%-90%. In production management, the fertilizer should be applied scientifically to meet the needs of nutrients for fruits and vegetables, artificial pollination of melon vegetables, and flower and fruit preservation of solanaceous vegetables.
2, open field vegetables have entered the seedling stage, we must cultivate weeding and clearing the ditch to cultivate soil, timely check the seedlings to replenish seedlings and preserve the seedlings; secondly, do a good job of watering and protecting the seedlings to promote the growth of seedlings, and timely draining to prevent locusts after the rain; Beans and vegetables should be introduced to the vines in time, and the diseased leaves and old leaves should be removed in time. Rational fertilization.
Second, disease, pest control
1, downy mildew: mainly harm Chinese cabbage, cabbage, radish, cabbage, tomato, pepper, cucumber and so on.
Control method:
(1) Remove the sick body in time. The diseased plants were found to be carried out in the field and buried or burned.
(2) Strengthen field management. Advocate proper planting of deep sorghum sorghum, timely clearing ditch drainage to reduce the humidity in the field to reduce the incidence.
(3) Chemical control. In the early stage of the disease, use 40% ethylphosphorus aluminum wettable powder 200-300 times solution or 64% antivirus WP WP 400-500 times solution, 1:0.5:300 times Bordeaux mixture, 25% toxic WP WP 800- 1000 times liquid spray. It is better to use imported 70% propidium zinc (Antaisheng) 500-700 times solution.
2, anthrax: mainly harm cucumber, melon, pepper, kidney beans and so on.
Control method:
(1) 50% carbendazim WP 1000 times solution;
(2) 50% methyl thiophanate WP 500 times solution;
(3) 80% anthrax Fumex WP 1000 times solution;
(4) 50% thiram double wettable powder 800 times liquid.
3, viral diseases: mainly harmful to the solanes, melons, beans, cruciferous vegetables.
Control method:
(1) Generally, bacterial diseases, viral diseases, and aphids are suitable for growth under neutral or alkaline conditions. The surface of the plant after spraying the vinegar is acidic, which can inhibit or kill the fungi and insect pests that do not like acidic conditions. After planting, spray 3-5 times with vinegar every 5-7 days, which can effectively prevent viral diseases.
(2) In the early stage of viral disease, spraying with 50 kg of 0.5% vinegar solution can prevent viral diseases.
(3) Seed disinfection. The seeds are soaked in water for 3-4 hours, immersed in 10% sodium phosphate for 20-30 minutes and then rinsed with water, or soaked with 0.1% potassium permanganate for 30 minutes and rinsed with water.
(4) Strengthen field management. Do not continue to plant early in the appropriate period, do not apply phosphorus, potassium, calcium, micro-fertilizers. Clean the pasture to reduce the source of bacteria, take the former crops out of the field and concentrate on digging pits.
(5) Anti-viral disease of cockroaches and cockroaches. Spray 73% ketone or 70% imidacloprid or 25% thiamethoxam during the occurrence of aphids and planthoppers.
(6) Spraying 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid + sodium nitrophenolate 1000 times solution at the beginning of the disease; when the disease is heavier, morpholinium acetate copper + sodium nitrophenolate is sprayed twice for 4 days.
4, tomato early blight: early blight is also known as ring disease, in addition to harming tomatoes, it also harms eggplant and pepper.
Control method: use 75% chlorothalonil 500 times solution, 1:1:200 times Bordeaux solution (15-20 days before harvesting), 80% big WP 600-800 times solution, 50% phlegm Wettable powder 1000 times solution, 43% good gram suspension agent 3000-4000 times liquid, 25% amishida suspension agent 1000-2000 times liquid spray.
5, tomato late blight: mainly harm tomato, pepper, eggplant.
Prevention and treatment methods: In the early stage of the disease, timely spraying and blocking the disease center. The agent can be selected from 68% gold mine water dispersing granule 600-800 times liquid, 72.2% Plex water agent 600-700 times liquid, 70% ethyl phosphorus aluminum manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times liquid, 64% antivirus hydrating powder 500 times liquid, 72% gram dew WP 600-800 times liquid spray.
6, cabbage caterpillar: mainly harm cabbage, rape and so on.
Control method:
(1) Agricultural measures: Care should be taken to clean up the pastures in time to eliminate weeds and deepen the land to eliminate wintering. The recovered leaves of the residual plants should be removed in time to reduce the number of cabbage caterpillars.
(2) Cultivate no insects. Breeding with insect nets to prevent cabbage caterpillars from laying eggs on the seedlings.
(3) Chemical control. The agent can be selected by using 2.5% spinosyn rubber suspension 1000 times solution, or 5% flubendialdehyde emulsifiable oil 2000-2500 times solution, or 5% fluoropyridine urea emulsifier 2000-2500 times solution, Bt500-1000 times solution spray. Time should be controlled by spraying at the peak of the first and second instar larvae.
7, Plutella xylostella: mainly harm Chinese cabbage, radish, cabbage, etc., followed by green vegetables, cabbage and so on.
Control method:
(1) Agricultural measures. After harvesting vegetables, it is necessary to clean the leaves of the field in time, and plow the vegetable fields in time to reduce the food source of the first peak insect source and reduce the density of the insect population. The irrigation method was changed to sprinkler irrigation.
(2) Physical control. Install a frequency-vibration insecticidal lamp in the vegetable field and use the light to trap the adult.
(3) Chemical control. The agent can be selected by using 2.5% spinosyn rubber suspension 1000 times solution, or 5% flubendialdehyde emulsifiable oil 2000-2500 times solution, or 5% fluoropyridine urea emulsifier 2000-2500 times solution, Bt500-1000 times solution spray. Time should be controlled by spraying at the peak of the first and second instar larvae. It is recommended to mix and use the drugs to delay or prevent the resistance of the pests.
8, a generation of small land tigers to prevent disability
At the beginning of May, it was the appropriate period for a generation of small land tigers to prevent and cure the disfigurement. Pay attention to the observation of beans (kidney beans, kidney beans, edamame), corn, and cruciferous plants, planting the field with or without seedlings, and find that the insects use bait early. Residual insects and fill the seedlings. The prevention and control of small ground tigers is based on the occurrence period, and comprehensive prevention and control measures combining agricultural control and chemical control are adopted according to local conditions.
(1) Agricultural control: weeding and pest control. Weeds are the place where small tigers lay their eggs, and they are also the bridges where larvae transfer to crops. Therefore, intensive cultivation before spring ploughing, or eradication of weeds in the early larval stage, can eliminate some insects and eggs.
(2) physical control: 1 traps adult. Combine the sticky insects with sugar, vinegar, alcohol traps or sweet potato, carrot and other fermentation broth to trap adults. 2 trap larvae. Use paulownia leaves or lettuce leaves to trap larvae and catch them in the field every morning. For older larvae, you can also check the fields in the early morning. If you find broken seedlings, remove the nearby clods for hunting.
(3) Chemical control: Different application methods should be adopted for larvae of different ages. The larvae were sprayed with powder spray or toxic soil before the 3rd instar; after 3 years of age, the seedlings appeared in the field, and they could be trapped by poison baits or poisonous grasses.
1 spray. 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 50mL, or 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate or 40% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 20-30mL, 90% crystal trichlorfon 50g and 50L spray can be used. The spraying should be in place before the worms are 3 years old.
2 poisonous soil or arsenopyrite. You can choose 2.5% deltamethrin EC 90-100mL, or 50% phoxim EC 500mL plus water, spray mixed fine soil 50kg into toxic soil, 20-25kg per acre applied to the seedling roots.
3 poison baits or poisonous grass. Generally, the age of the insects is large and can be trapped by poison baits. You can choose 90% crystal trichlorfon 0.5kg or 50% phoxim EC 500mL, add water 2.5-5L, spray on 50kg crushed fragrant cottonseed cake, bean cake or wheat bran, in the evening in the affected crop field every certain Sprinkle a small pile, or around the crop's rhizosphere, use 5kg per acre. Poisonous grass can be used with 90% crystal trichlorfon 0.5kg, mixed with crushed fresh grass 75-100kg, 15-20kg per acre.
9. Prevention and control of Liriomyza sativae
Around mid-May is the prosperous period of the second generation of Liriomyza sativae. Pay attention to the prevention and control of crops such as melons, late tomato, cowpea and kidney bean.
(1) Strengthening plant quarantine: It is strictly forbidden to transfer crops such as vegetables, fruits and flowers from infected areas.
(2) Agricultural control: In the areas where the larvae are harmful, the melons, the solanes, the beans and the non-harmful crops of the larvae are interplanted or rotated; appropriate planting increases the field permeability; Insect nets are installed at the vents of the protected areas in autumn and spring to prevent the exchange of insects in the open field and the shed; the fields are cleaned in time after harvesting, and the residues of the crops damaged by the larvae are deeply buried, fattened or burned.
(3) High temperature shack: When the high temperature is changed, the shed will be sealed for 7-10 days, and the temperature will be as high as 60-70 °C, killing a large number of insect sources and preventing the spread of insect sources to the open ground.
(4) Using yellow plates to trap adult insects: In the period from the beginning of the adult to the end of the adult, 15-20 traps per acre are placed, and one yellow plate is placed at each point to trap the adult, and the 3-4 days are replaced once.
(5) Scientific use of natural enemies: release natural enemies such as jib bee, scorpion bee, and leaf miner.
(6) Chemical control:
Lighter in the spring can be combined with aphids for treatment. When the heavier occurrence occurs in July-September, the adult feathering begins to be controlled. The time of administration should be selected from the day after the dry dew on the sunny day to 2 o'clock in the afternoon, and the agent can use 5% flubendialdehyde emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times.
In the early stage of the larval larvae, the control is carried out before the 2nd instar larvae (about 0.3-0.5 cm in the insect tract), and the medicinal agent can use 50% septic powder WP 2000-3000 times, or 75% muscimol. Wet powder 5000-8000 times liquid spray control, 5-7 days of prevention and control, continuous control 2-3 times.
If the drug is used at the peak of natural enemies, it should be sprayed with 1% insecticidal 1500 times solution or 0.6% insecticidal emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times.
In addition, the tobacco can be smoked and killed by the smoke agent in the protected area, and alternately used with fenvalerate or other smoke agents, and it can be effectively used continuously for 2-3 times. Pay attention to the alternate use of various types of pesticides and strictly control the safety interval.
10. Prevention and control of thrips, locusts, whitefly, red spider and yellow stripe
(1) Hummer prevention measures:
1Using the habit of the blue horse, the blue sticky board is set in the field to trap the adult, and the height of the sticking board is the same as the crop. According to the characteristics of the hustle and bustle of the horse, it is recommended to take the medicine in the afternoon.
2 Hummer is highly concealed. The medicament needs to be selected for systemic or silicone additives, and try to choose a long-lasting agent.
3 If conditions permit, it is recommended to combine the pharmacy and foliar spray.
4 prevent in advance, don't wait until the flood is over again. Planting vegetables during high temperatures, if not covered with mulch, it is best to spray the middle and lower parts of the plant and the ground at the same time, because these places are habitats of Python nymphs.
5 蓟马施è¯å°æŠ€å·§: The activities of the hummer have two forms, one is the è“Ÿ horse, (called the hummer in the south) on the leaf or on the growth point, one is the flower è“Ÿ horse, in the flower Activities, if it is Ye Hao Ma, observe the law of activity, see what time period is more time to fight drugs, if it is a flower horse, be sure to get up early before 9 o'clock, because the early flower is open, when used to fight drugs The sprayer is holding up and the effect is the best. If the horse is smashed in the afternoon, the flowers are closed and the effect is not up early.
25% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 times or 5% acetamiprid wettable powder 2500 times, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1000 times or 20% toxic pyridine emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times, 4.5% high chlorine emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times and 10% Imidacloprid wettable powder 1000 times, 5% cypermethrin 1000 times mixed spray, quick effect, long-lasting effect. In order to improve the control effect, the pesticides should be alternately used. In the case of spray control, it should be comprehensive and detailed to reduce residual insects.
(2) Control measures for mites, whitefly, and red spider:
Commonly used agents for the control of mites: 3% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times solution or 20% imidacloprid WP 4000 times solution.
Commonly used drugs for the control of whitefly: 25% of the thiazinone emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times of liquid 対 虱 has a special effect, 25% of methyl ketone emulsifiable emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times liquid, the cockroach cockroach adult worm and egg are effective. 50% of the mithylene WP 5,000 times solution or 20% imidacloprid solvent 4000 times solution or 2.5% cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times solution or 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate 3500 times solution alternately sprayed.
Red spider control commonly used agents: 1.8% avermectin EC 2000-3000 times solution, or 75% acetylene emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times solution, or 3.3% Avi bifenthrin EC 1000-1500 times solution, or 20% 1000 times liquid of compound aryl oil, or 1000-1500 times of 10% liuyangmycin, or 1000-1500 times of 20% bismuth emulsifiable concentrate, the above agents should be used alternately.
(3) Yellow stripe armor prevention measures:
Physical control of yellow stripe jumper: combined with prevention and control of other pests, use black light or frequency vibrating insecticidal lamp to trap adult insects; place yellow or white sticky insect board at 25 cm from the ground, 30-40 pieces per acre, or compare Goodly reduce the number of adults.
Chemical control: soil treatment kills the larvae and cockroaches of the yellow-striped beetle in the soil. It can be rooted with 300g/L of chlorantraniliprost suspension. The seed coating treatment can protect the seedlings from the yellow-curved beetle. Infested by larvae, 70% thiamethoxam seed can be used to disperse powder; foliar spray can kill adult, optional 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granule, 15% phlegm microemulsion, 10% bromide amide Disperse oil and other agents.
Yellow stripe armor prevention tips: spray before 9 am or after 6 pm in summer. The spray should be sprayed through the leaves to spray the soil. If the field is wide, it should be sprayed around the center and then sprayed in the center to surround the insecticide; if the field is long and narrow, one end can be sprayed first, and then sprayed from the other end to prevent the adult from fleeing. The application should strictly follow the safety interval.
In spring and summer, there are more diseases and insect pests in fruits and vegetables, so growers should do a good job in prevention and control, and pay attention to the safe interval of pesticides.
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