The status quo and countermeasures of potato industry development in Xiangyang District
Yanyang District Agricultural Technology Promotion Center Ren Zhengjun
Abstract: This article describes the development status and advantages of the potato industry in Luyang District, points out its existing problems, and proposes corresponding development countermeasures, which provides a scientific basis for Yanyang District to play a dominant industry, adjust industrial structure, and vigorously develop the potato industry. .
Keywords: Shuyang District potato industry development countermeasure
Xiangyang District is located in the central part of Yulin City in the northern part of Shaanxi Province and is adjacent to the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the north. It is a typical transition zone between the Maowusu Desert and the Loess Plateau. The Ming Great Wall runs from east to west across the region. As a boundary, the north of the Great Wall is a sandy beach area that occupies 75% of the total area; the southern part of the Great Wall is a loess hilly area, accounting for about 23% of the total area; From the north to the south across the entire territory, the river valley area thus formed accounts for about 2% of the total area. Xiangyang District has a vast land resource, with a total area of ​​7053 square kilometers, and owns 1.15 million mu of cultivated land, including 850,000 mu of sown area for crops.
1 Development Status of Potato Industry in Luyang District
Xiangyang District has sufficient illumination and large temperature difference between day and night. The potato growth season is synchronised with rain and heat, and autumn is cool. It is suitable for potato tuber enlargement and dry matter accumulation, and has a high light-temperature production potential. The annual planting area of ​​potato is about 200,000 mu, which is extensively cultivated and managed, with an average yield of 1285 kg per mu. 80% of the planting area is concentrated on the dry land in the southeastern part of the area where it is water-free. The planting period is generally around mid-May and the planting density is about 3,000. /mu. The main cultivars are Northeast White and Purple White. The main cultivation measures are ploughing or cultivating with a livestock plough, planting potato seedlings, and applying a single fertilizer. Fertilizers are mainly ammonium bicarbonate, some farmers use diammonium phosphate, and basically do not use potassium fertilizer.
Affected by the potato disease, the planting area of ​​potato in the northern wind and beach areas has gradually decreased. It is generally self-sufficient, and it even has insufficient self-supply in rainy weather. Potatoes grown in the southern mountains are mainly grown as the main crops, and generally only some of them are consumed or planted by themselves. The remaining part is sold or processed into starch (flour) for sale as a commodity potato, which has a certain scale of development; however, it is due to the year when more rainy weather occurs. Potato infections can easily cause rotten pits. The potato disease has severely harassed the development of the potato industry and the rational distribution of crops in Shuyang District.
In recent years, the early-ripening and high-yielding summer potato variety “Favorita†has been introduced into the river valley area. In the early spring, it was covered with mulching cultivation. The yield has been greatly improved, and the quality of the product has certain competitive advantages, making the summer potato in the Shuyang District strong. Development momentum.
2 The status of potato in Fuyang District in the national potato market
Luyang District is a semi-arid continental monsoon climate with warm temperate zone to middle temperate zone. It has four distinct seasons, a large temperature difference between day and night, and a cool climate. The frost-free period is between 120 and 140 days. The average annual temperature is 8°C, and the average annual precipitation is about 400 mm. With sufficient sunshine and rich light energy resources, the annual sunshine hours are 2600-2900 hours, and the accumulated temperature is greater than 5°C between 2700°C and 3000°C. The soil is dominated by loess, yellow cotton soil and sandy soil. The potato produced is of good quality and has great yield potential. It is an advantage area for the production of fresh edible potatoes, starch processing potatoes and seed potatoes. In addition to the local production of potato, which is used for grain, vegetables, starch processing and seed potatoes, a large number of potatoes are transported to the Central Plains, South China, East China and other places as market supplements and fresh potatoes.
3 Reasonable layout of potato industry structure in Xiangyang District
3.1 Southeast Hilly Gully Area
80% of the total area of ​​potato in Shuyang District is planted in hilly and gully areas in southeastern mountainous regions. The area is vast and potatoes are the main crops. Extensive cultivation and management, single fertilizer, rely on the weather to eat. Sowing and emergence of dry years are affected, which seriously affect the yield. In years of overcast rain, potato production is high, but it is vulnerable to potato late blight and affects the potato product and quality. This area is an advantageous area for the production of potato seed potatoes, starch processing potatoes and fresh edible potatoes. The varieties that are suitable for introduction and promotion include: Zihuabai (Kexin No. 1, which is a medium-yielding vegetable variety), and Shushu No. 3 (middle-aged starch-processed variety).
3.2 Kawaguchi District
The area has good water and fertilizer conditions, and the potato planting area is small, taking into account the people's planting habits and mouthwash arrangements. Appropriate promotion and development of fresh food is the advantage development zone of summer potato. The popular varieties are Feiwu Ruiqi (a very early-maturing vegetable variety).
3.3 North Wind Beach Area
The area is flat and has a vast area. The area of ​​available land is large and there are many land resources that can be developed. The water and fertilizer conditions are good, and there is a large temperature difference between day and night, which is suitable for the large-scale cultivation of summer potato and the construction of modern agricultural industrial parks. Under wet and wet conditions, wet river areas are suitable areas for summer potatoes, and other beach areas are suitable for planting autumn potatoes. This area is an advantageous industrial zone for fresh-food potatoes, starch processing potatoes and high-grade commodity potatoes (fried food and potatoes). The varieties that should be introduced and promoted are: Feiwu Rita, Zihuabai, Qishu 3, and other varieties; the modern agricultural park with good conditions can also grow high-grade potato Atlantic (Fried potato chips) and Shapotti (fried potatoes). Bar-type varieties) and Burbank (French fries type) and other varieties.
4 Development Strategy of Potato Industry in Xiangyang District
4.1 Construction of Improved Seed Breeding System Implementing Improved Seed Subsidy
The use of potatoes is particularly large (usually more than 100 kilograms per acre), the varieties are easily degraded, and promotion and use of virus-free seed potatoes are key measures to increase potato production. To achieve this goal must rely on a professional potato breeding system to achieve. How to reduce the production cost of virus-free seed potatoes, increase the quality of seed potatoes, solve people's problems, and use the problem of ineffective yield increase have become key issues. The implementation of potato seed potato subsidies can promote the development of the potato industry.
4.2 Focus on research and promotion of potato integrated cultivation techniques
Strengthening the research and promotion of integrated potato cultivation techniques is the basis for improving potato yield and quality. In the final analysis, the modern market competition is the competition of product quality, establish a good sense of quality, brand awareness and market awareness in order to be invincible in the future market competition.
4.3 Expand thinking and overall development, and strive to promote potato industrialization, standardization and large-scale production
First, we must fully publicize, actively guide, and encourage farmers to develop the potato industry in accordance with the model of industrialization, standardization, and scale. The second is to actively cultivate the potato specialty wholesale market, sell with the market, and support the development of large marketing and sales companies. The third is the development of processing industries. Developed countries sell products and developing countries sell raw materials. Without deep-seated processing industry development, there is no overall improvement in the level of industrialization. Potato starch and its deep-processing market demand is large, demand exceeds supply, and long-term optimistic. The fourth is that traditional simple household storage has resulted in wastage of potatoes and reduced quality. It is necessary to encourage and support individuals or companies to enter the potato storage area and build a low-temperature refrigerator to regulate market prices and ease the contradiction between supply and demand.
5 Key technologies for development of potato industry in Luyang District
5.1 Seed Quality
Degradation of potato is caused by potato plants infecting the virus and destroying the plant's intrinsic normal function. Degradation of potatoes will seriously affect potato production. The selection of virus-free seed potato is the key to improving potato yield.
In order to promote the popularization and application of potato virus-free seed potato as soon as possible and improve the potato production level in our district, on the one hand, the villages or households in the southeast mountainous area shall be established in accordance with the standard of l0 mu for the use of 10 mu of field crops. Poisonous seed potato breeding field; on the other hand, there is a planned and organized establishment of a virus-free seed potato breeding base in the southeast mountainous area for potato production in the whole region.
5.2 Formula Fertilization
Potato is a kind of crop with tubers as an economic product. It needs a large quantity of potassium and is a typical potassium-loving crop. Each production of 1,000 kilograms of fresh potatoes requires 4.5-5.5 kg of nitrogen (N), 1.8-2.2 kg of phosphorus (P2O5) and 10 kg of potassium (K2O). The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is generally 2.5:1:5. In addition to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc, manganese, and copper are also necessary for the growth and development of potatoes, especially the requirement for calcium is equivalent to 1/4 of potassium. The demand for magnesium in the later period is also relatively large. If the application of high-concentration compound fertilizer or organic fertilizer in the earlier period is small, the supply of magnesium will be insufficient.
In the sandy loam, the annual nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is 40%, the phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate is 20%, and the potassium fertilizer utilization rate is 60%. According to the local fertilization level and fertilization experience, it is proposed that 2000-2500 kilograms of potato per mu should be applied to fertilizer and trace elements per acre: 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 30 kg of urea, 30 kg of potassium sulfate (potassium oxide), and 10 kg of calcium sulfate 2 kg of zinc sulfate, 1 kg of magnesium silicate and 1 kg of boron fertilizer.
5.3 Comprehensive Prevention
The main pests of potato in Fuyang District are earthworms and golden needles. The main diseases include early blight, late blight, bacterial wilt, black shank, ring rot, and virus diseases. We must adhere to the plant protection policy of "prevention-based comprehensive prevention and control" in prevention and control. Emphasize the use of organic fertilizers, NPK combined use. The combination of underground application and application on the ground, prevention and control of fungal diseases and bacterial diseases, and scientific and rational use of pesticides. Suitable pesticides include: Gao Qiao, An Taisheng, Bixiu Dan, Amisida, dimethomorph, Baitai, Ruifan and Yinfali.
5.4 Standardized cultivation
In accordance with the potato pollution-free, green food production and technical regulations, reasonable layout of the species. Vigorously develop specialized potato production bases such as dishes, starch processing, potato chip processing, and potato chips processing, and achieve “one township, one industry, one village, one productâ€. Actively carry out pollution-free and standardized production of potato that is “detoxification of seed potatoes, formulation of fertilizers, harmlessness of pests and diseases, mechanization of cultivation, and maximization of benefitsâ€. Especially in the sowing, fertilization, field management, pest control, harvesting, storage, sales and other production links to a unified standard of operation. Efforts will be made to increase the output and quality of potatoes and create an ecological brand and a pollution-free green brand. The implementation of brand-name strategy as the core to improve the quality of potato products, drive the development of enterprises, guide the company's independent innovation, improve market competitiveness. According to market demand and customer requirements, we will carry out grading packaging, improve quality and grade, establish our own brand name, implement brand marketing, participate in domestic and foreign market competition, and create greater economic benefits.
At present, more and more large-scale sprinkler irrigation facilities are used for the production of fresh edible potatoes and special processing potatoes. The traditional one-on-one small-scale farmer production model can no longer meet the growing market circulation of potatoes. Change the traditional concept of conservation, adapt to the production requirements of scale, standardization, pollution-free and green food, develop a characteristic large-scale production base, improve product quality, and increase market competitiveness. The Shuyang District potato industry has gradually been built into the most characteristic modern agricultural industrial park in the west.
references1. Jin Liping, Qu Dongyu. Potato varieties and high yield cultivation techniques. Beijing, China Labor Social Security Publishing House, 2002
2. Wang Yunhua, Hu Chengxiao, ed. Practical formula fertilization technology. Wuhan, Hubei Science and Technology Press, 1999
3. Wei Yan'an, Research on the Development Strategy of Potato Industrialization in Shaanxi Province.
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