Rape effectively simplifies cultivation

The agricultural technology station of Deyang Agricultural Bureau carried out a research on efficient cultivation techniques of rapeseed from 2002 to 2003. The technique of direct seeding (sprinkling) of rapeseed with no-till straw was initially summarized, and passed the appraisal of the Deyang City Science and Technology Commission. The main features and key technologies of this technology are summarized as follows: Main features 1. Off-season disaster avoidance: According to the requirements of autumn rapeseed cultivation, transplanting of seedlings is generally planted in the middle and middle of September. With the expansion of the dumping area, the rice harvest period has generally been postponed, which has made it difficult to find seedbeds for seedlings in rapeseeds, and the labor force for seedling cultivation and rice harvesting has been squeezed. At the same time, in the Sichuan Basin, it is very easy to experience a continuous autumn rain climate, so that the seedbed is washed, or the seedbed becomes too wet to cause blight and damping-off, which makes it very difficult to cultivate strong seedlings. The use of no-tillage straw to cover live (sprinkle) method, generally in September 15-October 5 sowing, staggered the contradiction of the season, is conducive to avoiding the disastrous climate of continuous autumn rain, rape emerged neat, lay a good foundation for high yield. 2. Simplified textbooks: This technology can also save the process of seedling transplanting and reduce the labor and medication for controlling weeds. Compared with no-tillage transplanting rapeseed, it can save more than 60 yuan per mu, and compared with plowing and transplanting fields, it can save more than 100 yuan per mu. 3. Increase production and income: Due to the re-application of base fertilizer, increase the amount of seed used, so that the planting density per acre can reach 12-20 plants, making full use of the entire growth period, especially the water, fertilizer, light and other resources from the seedling stage to the opening period. It has been fully utilized to give full play to the advantages of rapeseed spindles. The ripening period is neat and consistent, and the grain is full. According to this year's direct comparison of live and transplanting fields, the live broadcast can increase the yield by 5-10% compared to transplanting, and increase the cost by increasing the harvested acres. The benefit is about 100-130 yuan. 4. Fertility and fertility: Covered with rice straw in the field for six months, organic manure was formed. Although the nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium was not high, there was a large amount of humus, which could increase the aggregate structure of the soil and enhance soil water retention. Fertilizer retention capacity. Using this technology to grow an acre of rape, it is generally necessary to use about 300 kilograms of dry straw, and the humus formed is much larger than the farmer's habitual application amount. 5. Protecting the environment: Straw cover can prevent the loss of soil caused by rain erosion, inhibit the growth of weeds in the field, and reduce the number of straw burning by farmers in the field. Cultivation points 1. Low retention rice piles: When harvesting rice, the rice piles should be kept as low as possible, which is conducive to evenly covering the straw during sowing. 2. Shengou Gaoxiang: After the rice is harvested, the “three ditch” should be opened immediately to eliminate the waterlogging in the field and eliminate the wet hazard in the field. 3, chemical weeding: 3-5 days before sowing Mu with 20% grams of water tracer 150-200 ml of chemical weeding. 4. Apply base fertilizer: Apply 40-50 kg of compound fertilizer per acre evenly to the field surface. 5. Uniformly cover the grass: after applying the base fertilizer, the mu shall be evenly covered with about 300 kilograms of dry straw. Covering too thick will cause difficulty in seedling emergence, and too little coverage will not effectively suppress field weeds. 6, timely sowing: general mid-late maturing varieties in the middle and late September sowing, early maturing seeds in late September to early October sowing. Generally, 150-200 grams of hybrid rapeseed seeds are mixed with 2-2.5 kilograms of fried commercial rapeseed, and the crop is sown in four quarters and quarters. 7, uniform thickening and thinning: the three-leaf period are going to the field of piles of seedlings, the five-leaf period to make up the seedlings. 8, the application of the moss fertilizer: in the Lei Tui period combined irrigation irrigation with 10 kg of urea in the sunny leaves on the dew-free uniform spread in the afternoon. 9, pest control: no-till straw covered live rapeseed, due to delay in planting period of diseases and insect pests than transplanting seedlings light, such as the drought in October when the high temperature may be susceptible to damage cabbage caterpillar, such as damage to achieve control indicators, to Control cabbage caterpillars once.

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