First, the choice of medicine. To prevent and control pests, use systemic, high-efficiency, low-residue pesticides; to prevent and control diseases, use fungicides with killing effects.
Secondly, pest control in general. After the grape harvest is over, the pruned branches and dead leaves, diseased branches and leaves, as well as the remaining diseased fruit particles, the damaged bagging and weeds in the garden should be removed first. At the same time, grape leaves are susceptible to downy mildew, powdery mildew, white rot, brown spot, etc. After harvesting, a protective fungicide, such as 1:0.7:200 times Bordeaux mixture, or 80% % Essential (Bordeaux mixture) 600 times liquid or 30% king copper suspension 800 times liquid, etc. After that, mainly copper preparations, used once every 15 days or so. After the leaves of the grapes fall, the garden is sealed with a 100-fold solution of lime sulfur mixture to kill a variety of pathogenic bacteria.
Third, the prevention and control of key plant diseases and insect pests. If downy mildew occurs during the harvest period, the downy mildew systemic fungicide should be used for 1 to 2 times immediately after the grapes are harvested. For example, 80% must be 600 times liquid + 10% branch. Gram (morpholine guanidine hydrochloride) 2000 times solution, or 80% necessary 600 times solution + 80% ethyl phosphoric aluminum 400 to 600 times solution, or metalaxyl mancozeb; or 80% necessary 600 times solution + 50% cream Urea cyanide 1500 times solution, and then use Bordeaux mixture, mancozeb, thiram and other economic and effective fungicides for normal control.
Brown spot disease If there is a lot of rain in the middle stage of the grape growth, a large number of brown spot disease bacteria will multiply and accumulate, creating conditions for the later occurrence. If brown spot disease occurs more severely after fruit harvest, first use 80% spray 800 times solution + 10% polyoxin 1500~2000 times solution, or 42% spray rich dew 600 times solution + 10% polyoxygen 1500-2000 times solution of mycin, or 800 times solution of 80% mancozeb + 1500-2000 times solution of 10% polyoxin, and then normal control with Bordeaux solution.
Downy mildew and brown spot are present at the same time, first use Kirk 3000 times + 10% polyoxomycin 1500 to 2000 times solution, and then use Bordeaux mixture for normal control.
In areas where the major pests occur, use 80% of the necessary 400-600 times solution + 40% acephate once, and then use Bordeaux mixture for normal control. If it occurs frequently before and after flowering, add a systemic, highly effective, and low-residue insecticide after the fruit is harvested. In areas where leafhoppers are severely harmed, use 80% of the necessary 600 times + 10% to annihilate (acetamiprid) 3000 times; in areas where red spiders are severely damaged, use 80% of necessary 600 times + acaricides; In more severe areas, use 80% necessary 600 times +40% Acephate 800 times.
In addition, we must do a good job in the prevention and control of early falling leaves. There are three reasons for the early leaf fall of grape vines: downy mildew, brown spot and root problems. There are many kinds of early leaf fall caused by root problems: roots are soaked in water for a long time, root rot disease, root nematode disease, etc. The key to solving root soaking is to improve drainage conditions; to treat rotten root diseases, a combination of watering amino acid liquid fertilizer and medicament irrigating the roots can be used; root nematode diseases can be sprayed with nematicidal agents.
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