1. Variety selection The varieties that are resistant to disease, cold and precocious, have good appearance and intrinsic quality, and meet consumer demands in the market. Such as Elizabeth, spring, West beat Luotuo, champion, Qixiang, Cuixiang, honey world.
Second, nursery
1. Seedlings cultivation methods: According to the cultivation season and methods, seedlings can be planted in open fields, Yangshuo, plastic arch sheds and greenhouses, or hot-breeding hotbeds, electric hotbeds and plug-in seedlings can be added.
2. Seed treatment: The seeds were spread on a paper for 4-6 hours before sowing. Soak the seeds with warm water of 55-60°C, and stir until the water temperature drops to 30°C while pouring the water, then soak the seeds for 3-4 hours. When grafting, it is possible to use rootstock new Shizuo pumpkin or Qingyan rootstock No. 1. Use 40% formalin 100 times soaking for 30 minutes, or 50% carbendazim 500-600 times soaking for 60 minutes, washing with water, and soaking for 4-6 hours. Plugstock rootstocks were sown 5-7 days earlier than thick muskmelon, and sowing melons were sown earlier than stocks for 3-4 days.
3. Germination: Immerse the seeds with a wet cloth and put them under a condition of 25-30°C to germinate. Rinse 1-2 times with warm water every day. When 80% of seeds germinate, select the bud seeds for sowing.
4. Seedling bed preparation (1) bed soil preparation. In the past few years, 60% of garden soil without cucurbitaceae vegetables, 30% of irrigated land, 5% of decomposed livestock manure or manure, 5% of furnace ash or sand, and diammonium phosphate and sulfuric acid per cubic meter of prepared bed soil have been used. Each 0.5 kg of potassium was mixed and screened for later use.
(2) bed soil disinfection. Use 50% carbendazim WP and 50% thiram WP to mix 1:1, or 25% metalaxyl and 70% dexamethasone 9:1 by weight, per square meter Medication 8-10 grams is mixed with 15-30 kilograms of bed soil, and 1/3 is spread on the seedbed when sowing, and the remaining 2/3 are covered on the seeds.
5. Sowing (1) Container sowing. In the nursery to dig 15 cm deep seedbed, drenched with water, with a diameter of 10 cm, height 12 cm of paper tube or nursery pot, the internal system of the preparation of bed soil 8 centimeters, on the drug soil 1-1.5 centimeters. Select one seed per day in the paper tube on a sunny day. Drench the water with a watering can and cover it with a 1-1.5 cm cover. Cover the film and add a small arch to keep warm.
(2) Seeding of grafted seedlings. Plugging method: rootstocks are sown in the paper tube, covered with 1-1.5 cm of medicinal soil, and the scions are planted at a row spacing of 5 cm and 5 cm. Seedlings are planted on the bed of the prepared bed soil and the soil, and the overlying soil is covered. 1-1.5 cm. Reliable method: The rootstock and scion are sown in the paper tube, covered with plastic film on the seedbed and added to the shed.
6. Seedling management (1) Temperature management. See the table.
Seedling temperature management
Suitable temperature during daytime °C Suitable temperature during nighttime °C
Sowing to emergence 30-32 20-22
Emergence to 1 True Leaf 25-30 16-18
1 true leaf to 2 true leaves 28-32 14-16
20 days before colonization 20-25 8-12
Note: The mulch is removed after emergence; the small arch shed is removed 5 days before the planting.
(2) Other management. The seedbed should be covered as soon as possible to increase the illumination time; when the seedling reaches the required maximum temperature after unearthing, it should be ventilated at the leeward site to cool and dehumidify, and when it reaches the required temperature low point, it should be timely and strictly insulated; generally it should not be watered. When the bed soil is dry and the leaves are dark green, they can be sprayed with water.
(3) Grafting. When the rootstock 1 leaf 1 heart, when the cotyledon cotyledon flatten 1 heart, the rootstock is poured once permeate, and then plug or dock. Grafting seedlings should be immediately deducted a small arch shed, the first 2-3 days to cover tight, shaded with calyx, temperature to maintain the daytime 25-30 °C, 18-20 °C at night, relative humidity more than 90%. After 3 days, it can be properly ventilated. Generally, it is not watered. If the humidity is not enough, it can be poured with small water. About 10 days after the interface has healed, it is managed according to the seedling temperature. Take off the scion roots by touching and wipe off the side buds of the rootstock in time.
(4) Strong seedlings standard. Seedling height 10-12 cm, 3 leaves and 1 heart, robust, no pests and diseases, internodes thick and thick green leaves, roots developed, seedling age of 30 days, about 35 days of grafting seedling age.
Third, preparation before planting
1. Forepart: For non-cucurbit vegetables. Grafting for the root can be continuous.
2. Soil preparation and fertilization: Fertilizer use of chlorine-containing fertilizers; combined with site preparation, high-quality meduliferous manure 6000 kg per mu, urea 4 kg, superphosphate 50 kg, potassium sulfate 8 kg. After mixing, 60% Pusch and 40% concentrated.
3. Insect pest control (1) Set insect net resistance insects. It is sealed with 20-30 mesh nylon mesh at the vent of the booth to prevent the locusts from moving in.
(2) Laying avoidance film. Silver gray plastic film, or cut the silver film into a 10-15 cm wide film strips, hanging in the booth room vents.
Fourth, planting open field cultivation should be in the late frost, greenhouse cultivation should be stable at 10 centimeters above the ground temperature above 15 °C, selected sunny planting. According to big line 80 centimeters, small lines 50 centimeters, or row spacing 1.3 meters open ditch, along the ditch watering, drying for two days, will be 40% of the base fertilizer concentrated in the ditch and soil mixed evenly, made ridge width 35 cm or 畦70 centimeters wide, 15 centimeters high and north-south to high ridge or sorghum, ridge or surface leveling, covering the film 7-10 days before planting. High ridge cultivation, covering the small lines between the small, can be under the irrigation of the film, the ground covers the entire line; sorghum cultivation, the ditch on the arch, the cover surface film, the sulcus is a small arch shed, help to improve the temperature , reduce the humidity in the greenhouse. During planting, ridges or louses were planted with a 45 cm staggered membrane, dug 10 cm deep planting holes, planted with water and planted seedlings. After the soil was infiltrated with water, the membrane was pressed tightly against the well-used soil, and 2,200 plants per mu.
V. Post-planting management
1. Water and Fertilizer Management (1) Watering. After 5-7 days of planting, the sunny days were chosen to pour water once a day, and generally they were no longer watered before sitting. If drought occurred, they could be poured 1 time before the opening of the female flowers. When the cucumbers were sitting there were walnuts. When pouring water for 1 time, it is necessary to keep the moisture in the squash during the swell period until the melon grows. After the harvest, stop watering for 10 days before harvesting, and resume watering after harvesting.
(2) Dressing. When the melon sits and grows to a large walnut, 4 kg of urea is applied per acre with water, and after that, 4 kg of urea and 4 kg of potassium sulfate are topdressed after sitting on each melon.
2. Temperature and humidity management. Closed greenhouse after planting, keeping the temperature at 28-32°C during the day and 18-20°C at night; slowing to 25-32°C during the day before opening, 14-16°C at night, and 25-30°C during the day of flowering and fruiting, and 15 at night. -18°C; fruit growing period 28-32°C during the day and 16-18°C at night. When the temperature reaches high temperature, it is necessary to release the air to cool and dehumidify. When the temperature drops to the low point of the required temperature, the air inlet should be kept warm. As the outside temperature rises, the amount of air is gradually increased. When the temperature exceeds 18°C ​​at night, the air can be released to maintain the relative humidity of 60% to 70%.
3. Plant adjustment (1) Hanging vines. When the main vine 6-7 leaves, each with a rope fixed to the crossbar, tied under a 10 cm long stick into the ground, the rope tension, spread around the rope.
(2) Prune stay melon. Using single vine pruning, choose 1-2 cucurbits, fruit-shaped vine vines in section 12-16, and leave 2 leaves in front of melon topping, hanging the melons and vines with ropes on the horizontal shelves. In order to avoid falling, all the following vines are taken off.
4. Artificial pollination: On sunny days 7-10 am, apply female stigma with male flowers. Apply 2-3 female flowers to each male flower, or use guarana flowers or use 10 mg/kg on cloudy day. Anti-dropping spray female flowers.
Sixth, the use of pesticides for pest and disease control should strictly comply with the safety interval.
1. Physical control: Set yellow plates to seduce whitefly and aphids. Use 100 cm of 20 cm cardboard to paint yellow, coat with a layer of engine oil, hung 30-40 pieces per acre, hung in the rows, and re-coat a layer of engine oil when the board is covered with whitefly and aphids.
2. Chemicals prevention and treatment Diseases: The dust protection method and the smoking method are preferentially adopted in the protected areas. Spraying can also be controlled in dry and sunny weather. Attention should be paid to the rotation of medicines and reasonable mixing.
(1) Powdery mildew. It is sprayed with 20% triadimefon EC 2000 times, or 15% triadimefon WP 1000-1500 times, and sprayed once every 15-20 days.
(2) Downy mildew. Use 45% of chlorothalonil smoke agent per acre of 110-180g, place 5-6 points, light it in closed greenhouse overnight, smoke 7 times a day, even smoke 3 times; use 5% chlorothalonil dust, Mu 1 kg, sprayed 6-7 days, even sprayed 3-4 times; with 72% cream urea manganese zinc wettable powder 800 times, or 40% triethylphosphine aluminum WP wettable powder 250-300 Doubling, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times spray.
(3) Broom disease. Use 70% mancozeb WP 500 times, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times.
(4) Sclerotinia. Dust method with downy mildew; with 20% of fast-kering smoke agent 100-200 grams per acre, split 5-6, lighted closed overnight in the evening, 7 days smoked once, even smoked 3 times; with 50% The quick-acting WP 1500-2000 times, or 50% of iprodione WP 1500 times spray.
(5) Anthrax.
Smoke method: Dust method: See Sclerotinia.
Pharmacy method: Use 80% of anthraquinone omeprazole WP 800 times, or 70% of mancozeb 500 times or 2% of NR 120 drug 200 times or 50% of carbendazim WP 500- 700 times liquid spray, spray 7-10 days, even spray 2-3 times.
(6) Diseases. Use 72% of cream urea manganese zinc wettable powder 800 times, or 64% of noxious manganese zinc wettable powder 400-500 times or 75% of chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times spray, 7-10 days 1 time, spray 2-4 times.
(7) Blight. With 60% of ethyl aluminum phosphonate wettable powder 350 times Irrigation root, 100 ml per irrigating solution, irrigation 10 days, even defense 2-3 times.
(8) Bacterial leaf blight. See dusty method for downy mildew; use 72% of agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder, or spray neemectin 4000-5000 times.
(9) Bacterial keratopathy. Use 50% BT wettable powder 500 times, or 60% aluminum ethidium silicate wettable powder 500 times, or 50% thiram wettable powder 500 times, or 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate or Neophytin 4000-5000 times spray, 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder 600-800 times spray.
(10) Viral disease. Twenty-two percent of dichlorvos can be used to control locusts, 500 grams per acre, ignited before closing in the evening, fumigation overnight, or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times, or 2.5% bifenthrin (cypermethrin) Emulsion 3000 times, or 20% of fenpropathrin EC 2000 times, or 20% of virus A wettable powder 500 times, or 1.5% of diseased emulsion 1000 times, or antitoxic agent No. 1 300 times liquid spray, 10 times a day, even spray 3-4 times.
3. Chemicals control pests (1) Huang Shougua. Spray with 4.5% beta-cypermethrin 1000-fold, or 40% phoxim 1500-fold, or 90% trichlorfon crystals 1500-2000 times.
(2) Whitefly. Use 2.5% bifenthrin (cypermethrin) EC 3000 times, or 10% Imidacloprid WP 1000 times, or 3% acetamiprid 1000 times, spray once every 5-7 days, or use 10% % of Buprofim EC 1000 times (not effective for adult) spray, spray once every 3-5 days.
(3) Locusts. 22% dichlorvos smoke agent, 500 grams per acre, ignited before closing the shed in the evening, fumigation overnight; 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times, or 2.5% bifenthrin (cypermethrin) Emulsion 3000 times, or 20% fenpropathrin EC 21D00 spray.
(4) Liriomyza sativae. When the leaves have 5 larvae, 48% of chlorpyrifos EC, 1.8% of abamectin 1500 times, or 5% of Regent suspension, 17-34 mL per acre before larvae are 2 instars , add 50-75 liters of water spray.
Red Ginseng
Red Ginseng Root,Red Ginseng,Korean Red Ginseng Root,Red Ginseng Extract
Lixian Spring Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , https://www.lxctyy.com