Film mulching is a commonly used technique for the production of vegetables in solar greenhouses. The use of plastic mulching not only improves ground temperature, reduces evaporation of soil moisture, prevents ground panel knots, but also reduces air humidity in sheds, reduces the occurrence and spread of diseases, and is beneficial to vegetables. The growth and development. However, if the mulch is used improperly, it will easily have the opposite effect and affect the growth of vegetables. What are the common errors in the use of plastic film in vegetable greenhouses?
Common Mistakes and Preventive Measures
1, mulch close to the stem base, dead trees serious
Improper coverage of the plastic film is an important reason for the occurrence of epidemics. Here, farmers are reminded to take care that the plastic film must not be placed close to the vegetable stem.
Recommendation: Try not to use a blade to cut the mulch, but to use your fingers to smash the mulch to ensure that the mouth is large, will not be bridged, generally 5-8 cm in diameter is appropriate. During the high temperature stage, the mulch film is rolled up on both sides to prevent the ground temperature from becoming too high. When the temperature drops, the mulch film is opened and the adjacent two mulch films are clamped with a grafting clip so that the mulch does not contact the culm.
2, the entire shed to cover the plastic film, affecting root growth
When many vegetable growers cover the mulch, they directly cover the entire shed of the mulch. After many times of treading, the mulch film is closely attached to the ground. When the planting line waters, it will also oppress the mulch, seriously affecting the soil. Breathability, so that the root system respiration is blocked, resulting in poor root development.
In fact, the planting line is best to use steel wire or bamboo rafts to support the mulch, every 50 cm one, from the south to the north to cover the mulch on the mulch, this can achieve watering under the membrane, both to improve the soil permeability, but also makes wet It is difficult for the gas to evaporate outside and reduce the humidity in the greenhouse. The operation line is best to cover the crop stalks, which not only raises the ground temperature, but also regulates the humidity in the shed.
3, autumn yam vegetable film cover too early, is not conducive to deep root system
In greenhouse vegetable cultivation, the time to cover the plastic film will be determined according to the specific climatic conditions. Such as autumnal cucumber after planting, the outside temperature is higher, if immediately covered with plastic film, on the one hand due to high temperature plastic film, prone to suffocate root; on the other hand, after covering the film, in the surface layer to form a moist environment, is not conducive to the root system Bar growth, may lead to failure of seedlings, it is difficult to cultivate strong seedlings and strong trees, it is recommended to cover the film according to the specific weather conditions, generally 15 days after planting cover film, is conducive to seedling roots under the bar, to cultivate strong trees.
4, only in the operating line to cover the film, completely wrong
Some vegetable growers cover only the shed's operations while the planters do not cover the mulch. This approach not only did not play the advantages of mulch film coverage, but instead highlighted the disadvantages and the effect was poor.
In greenhouse vegetable production, the most important role of mulching is to reduce the humidity in the greenhouse and reduce the occurrence of diseases. The practice of covering the ground film and planting rows to cover the floor is not conducive to reducing the humidity in the greenhouse, because when the vegetables are watered, most of the time, they are planted in rows. The cultivation of rows of plants without covering the plastic film will reduce the humidity of the air. To how much effect, it can not play the effect of insulation. But in the operation of the cover film, the disadvantages are also obvious, making the operation of the soil permeability greatly reduced, affecting the root growth and development.
5, plastic film sealing is not strict, causing vegetable burns
In sunny and hot weather, the plastic film is not tightly sealed and it is easy to burn vegetables. This situation is mainly due to the increase in temperature of the mulching film, which causes moisture in the surface soil to vaporize, forming water droplets on the surface of the membrane. When the planting hole is exposed, the vaporized hot air under the membrane rushes out of the hole. The temperature of hot air, especially at sunny noon temperatures, often burns seedlings or causes heat damage to the leaves, rhizomes, or bases of the vegetables. Not only does it cause plant damage, it is also susceptible to pathogenic bacteria and causes stems. Corruption and other diseases, resulting in lack of seedlings and ridges or affect the normal growth of plants, severe cases will lead to reduced production.
In addition, when the leaves are in contact with the mulching film when the weather is sunny and hot, the temperature of the mulching film is high, and it is also easy to burn the leaves. This problem occurs when black mulch film is covered.
Preventive measures: When the vegetables are covered with plastic film, they can be pressed on the mulch with fine soil, and the planting cavities can be sealed tightly to prevent the hot gas in the mulch from burning the vegetables. At the same time, timely attention should be paid to the weather. In case of high-temperature and high-light conditions, shade nets should be covered in time to prevent overheating in the shed.
If it is found that the plant has been burned, the fine earth should be pressed on the mulch surrounding the plant for the first time, and the gap between the mulch and the plant should be sealed to prevent the high temperature in the mulch from continuing to harm.
In addition, depending on the degree of burns, drugs containing components such as brassinolide and gibberellin can be sprayed to regulate plant growth, and at the same time, water and fertilizer management can be enhanced to strengthen the plant roots and allow the plants to quickly return to growth.
If the seedlings covered by the seedlings are small and heat damage occurs, in order to prevent stem rot and other diseases, some protective fungicides can be sprayed for prevention. Plant damage is more serious, timely removal, planting new plants, reduce losses.
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