Techniques of sea cucumber aquaculture

In recent years, we conducted test on sea cucumber in the intertidal reefs and ponds, and through the construction of sea cucumber and sea-breeding ponds, we improved the survival rate of seedlings and the harvest rate of commodity products, and implemented round catch cycle. It has achieved good results with a yield of 260 kg per mu and a net profit of RMB 10,000 per mu. The relevant farming techniques are now described as follows:
1. The site selection for the intertidal zone Tongtang is based on the smooth tide, clean water, no pollution, no large river inflow, and a rocky belt where seaweed grows. The water temperature is 0°C～26°C and the salinity is more than 30‰.
2. Construction of the Qiantang Pond In order to cultivate seed of the same size and improve the survival rate of the seedlings and the recovery rate of commodity participation, a temporary holding pond and a growing pond should be built in the intertidal zone, with an area ratio of 1:4. The dam is cast from cement.
(1) The holding pool is built in the intertidal high tide area (2 days to 4 days when the tide is reached), with an area of ​​2 mu/a ~ 5 mu/a, a pool depth of 1.5m ~ 2m, and no leakage at the bottom of the pool. The gate has a screen.
(2) The rearing pool is built in the middle and low tide areas of the intertidal zone, with an area of ​​10 mu/m2 to 20 mu/m. It is firm and firm, and the dam height is based on the inflow of water into the pool during high tide during astronomical tidal periods. The pool depth is 2m~ 3m, there is a rod that can be attached to the top of the dam, and there is a drainage gate in the dam.
3, throwing reefs in order to increase the habitat area, improve the living environment of sea cucumber, temporary holding pools, growing pools must be artificial reefs. Can throw stones, artificial reefs or tires. The holding pool should be paved with stones or artificial reefs at the bottom of the pool, with as many shades as possible. The rearing ponds should be suitable for each block of 30kg to 50kg, stacked in strips or piles, and the stack height should be 1m to 2m. , width 2m ~ 3m, spacing of 2m or so; piles of every 2m3 ~ 3m3 stones piled up in a pile, heap distance 2m.
4, clear the enemy of the use of drugs and artificial capture methods, clear temporary holding pool and rearing pool of crabs, sea stars, anemone and other predators.
5. Algae Cultivation Seaweeds such as kelp, seaweed, and scleodens are transplanted into the holding tanks and the rearing pools, and benthic diatoms are cultured at a ratio of N:P of 10:1 to provide a good habitat for sea cucumbers.
6. Stocking of sea cucumber (1) The breeding of the seedlings in the holding pond To increase the survival rate, the rate of return, and to make it grow evenly, the round catcher should be placed in a round, and seedlings with a size of 3 cm or less should be kept in the holding tank. Culturing to 7 cm to 8 cm in size.
1 Use artificially cultivated seedlings in spring and put in spring in April and May. Seedlings below 3cm are fed by 30 heads/m2 to 35 heads/m2. Put the net bag containing the seedlings into the holding tank, and then pull out the net bag after it climbs up.
In addition to the naturally-occurring benthic diatoms, the bait should be fed with a certain amount of artificial bait made from mixed fish, shrimp powder, algae powder, and cake powder. The bait can be fed in time according to the conditions of the food in the pool. , generally every 3 days to 5 days fed artificial feed with 10g/m2 ~ 15g/m2. Juveniles have a strong adaptability to high temperatures, and they have a short hibernation time when they enter the high-temperature period, but their growth is slow, and the amount of feeding should be reduced appropriately.
(3) Water quality management in holding pool In addition to water drainage during the tide, water should be drained in a timely manner according to the water color and water temperature conditions. When water cannot be received, the machine should be used to lift water. In spring and autumn, the water should be shallow in order to improve the water temperature; in the summer, the water in the pool should be deepened, and the water exchange volume should be increased to maintain the suitable water temperature.
(2) The sea cucumber seedlings of the sea cucumber in the rearing pond are carefully cultivated to 7 cm to 8 cm in the holding pond, and then moved to the rearing pond before winter, and the playing density is 7 heads/m2 to 8 heads/m2.
1The bait is fed with sea cucumber at a water temperature of 10°C～16°C, which means that the growth rate is fastest in spring and autumn. At this time, the amount of bait should be increased. In addition to transplanting and naturally growing algae, it can also be fed artificially with bait. The amount fed was 10% to 15% of the body weight of sea cucumber. When the water temperature exceeded 20°C, the feed was stopped during the summer sleep.
2 Cultivation pond water quality management pools can change water every tide, in winter to prevent pool water from freezing, in case of low tide can not enter the water, to use the machine to raise water, winter and summer pool water to reach the highest water level.
7. Daily management (1) Measure the water temperature every day, observe the growth and activity of sea cucumber, regularly measure the body length, remove the enemy's harmful organisms in time, conduct regular water quality monitoring, maintain the stability of water quality physical and chemical factors, and rapidly grow sea cucumbers. Establish a good living environment.
(2) Grasping wheel rotation.
The seedlings in the holding pool are transferred to the cultivation pool before the winter, and the seedlings will continue to be raised in the spring of the second year for continuous raising. The large-sized sea cucumber in the rearing pond will be harvested and put on the market.

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