People who have fewer whiteheads or lost skin pigments often lack confidence in their lives for these reasons. But scientists have found that changing two key cellular signaling pathways destroys pigment production in skin and hair cells. Researchers believe that this discovery may lead to new drugs to treat skin pigmentation disorders, such as treating vitiligo and even hair whitening.
Scientists at the New York University's Langon Medical Center studied signaling pathways in early skin and hair cells in mice and humans. They found that melanin stem cells regulate these cells, while melanin stem cells are regulated by two key signaling pathways, the partial B-endothelin receptor (EdnrB) and the Wnt signaling pathway.
In the absence of EdnrB, the fur will prematurely gray, suggesting that the EdnrB pathway plays a role in hair and skin pigmentation. Stimulating EdnrB can increase pigment production in stem cells and cause "pigmentation." For white mice, this means that as the heavy pigment stem cells repair damage, the wounded skin becomes dark when the wound heals.
However, further stimulation of EdnrB in mice caused melanocyte stem cells to promote pigmentation by 15 times in just two months, resulting in hyperpigmentation.
"Our results suggest that EdnrB signaling plays a crucial role in the growth and regeneration of certain pigmented skin and hair cells, and that this pathway is a functionally dependent Wnt pathway." New York University Langon Medical Center Cell Biology Dr. Mayumi Ito, a researcher at home and senior research, said.
Ito and her team found that when they blocked the Wnt signal, it stopped the growth of stem cells and prevented them from differentiating into normal melanocytes, even though endothelin proteins were present. As a result, the skin was covered with gray due to lack of pigmentation.
The team plans to further investigate the interaction between other cellular repair and signaling pathways and stem cells of EdnrB and melanocytes.
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