Cucumber prices have remained high since this summer. In Beijing's Baliqiao, Xinfadi and other agricultural product wholesale markets, it has been learned that the current wholesale price of vegetables has risen by over 10%, and the price of cucumber has risen significantly. Cucumber prices rose by 50% to 70% in parts of Shandong! At this time, farmers have to seize business opportunities! But how can cucumbers be grown to ensure high yields and quality?
First, the biological characteristics of cucumber
Second, soil treatment technology
Third, formula fertilization technology
IV. Occurrence and control of new types of pests and diseases
Fifth, cucumber flower topping, no melon, malformed melon occurrence and prevention methods
Sixth, cucumber high ridge cultivation advantages and precautions
Chapter III Formula Fertilization Technology
China has conducted soil testing and formulating fertilization throughout the country since 2004. These years have also achieved good results across the country. However, soil testing for every household is still difficult to achieve.
Fertilization according to the principle of absorption and absorption of crops requires a certain amount of supplementation, which cannot be excessive or lost. According to the target yield formula, conduct scientific fertilization.
At present, in many places, there is a lack of understanding of the carbon in a large number of elements. In formula fertilization, the supplementation of carbon is neglected, and the absorption and effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are not exerted. In the soil around the roots, the use of a large amount of fertilisers, such as humic acid, which contains sufficient carbon, is very effective in increasing yield and disease resistance.
Formula fertilizer, not just a simple formula of NPK, a large number of elements, trace elements, organic matter, biological bacteria, etc. need to be taken into account. In this way, the disease resistance and insect resistance of crop roots can be improved, and a solid foundation can be laid for increasing the yield.
Chapter 4 Occurrence and Control of New Types of Diseases and Insect Pests
Cucumber downy mildew, epidemic disease, and keratoses are all old diseases, and macular disease and gummy disease are common in recent years.
(I) Occurrence and Prevention of Cucumber Glue Disorders
Cucumber defoliation is not caused only by plastic flow, but is caused by improper management of many diseases, loss of trace elements, or excessive fertilization.
1. Reasons for the occurrence
(1) Poor management
Humidity, lack of timely protection from winds, excessive drought, or excessive watering, or unreasonable temperature control can all cause fluid leaks.
(2) The presence of pathogens
Epidemics, diseases, and blight caused the wounds to rupture, and other viruses also entered, causing the disease to gradually worsen. As a result, these years are not good governance.
2. Control methods
The main problem of fluid injection is prevention. After the illness, there are many treatments on the Internet, but the results are not satisfactory. There is a passive prevention and control method for the occurrence of fluid plastic disease, so we must improve the ability of the cucumber to resist disease independently, make its root system developed, allow it to grow robustly, increase disease resistance, and other diseases and ulcers. Diseases and other epidemics are gone, and natural fluids will not occur.
Last year, the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences carried out a test on the glue injection. The test results showed that it was a bacterial disease. How can we prevent and treat it during the growth of plants? If it is a soil-borne disease, it must be applied to the soil with trace elements in combination with a good organic microbial fertilizer, thereby reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizer. The disease resistance of crops has been improved, there is no disease, and there is less natural gum disease.
(b) Occurrence and Control of Cucumber Root-knot Nematodes
1. Reasons for the occurrence
(1) Organic Fertilizer with Eggs
(2) The soil environment is suitable for the occurrence and reproduction of root-knot nematodes.
How does a root-knot nematode come from? In the last 10 years or so, most farmers have brought this eggs or adults into the soil by applying raw animal manure (raw chicken manure, raw duck manure, raw pig manure, or some producers have not processed organic fertilizers). To make it multiply in the soil. In recent years, the soil has used a large amount of chemical fertilizers to cause soil acidification. However, root-knot nematodes live in acidic or slightly acidic environments with a pH of between 4.5 and 8.
2. Control methods
(1) Chemical control (thiazol, etc.)
(2) Biological control (Paecilomyces lilacinus, etc.)
Prevention and control method 1: Flood irrigation can be used to flood the land before the crop is planted, and then flooded with plastic film to block and kill the soil, so that the efficiency of one-time control can reach above 95%, the effect is ideal, and the cost is relatively low. The operation is also simple.
Prevention and control method 2: It is the use of thiazolyl and other chemical control. However, it is impossible for all the root-knot nematodes to enter the soil. It is impossible for root-knot nematodes to enter the deeper non-toxic soil once they encounter poisonous substances, and they will come back when the efficacy disappears. Therefore, once the root knot nematode is found in the soil, no matter whether it is used as medicine or rooting, it will not be eradicated by 100% and can only be reduced. As long as the environment is not conducive to its reproduction, the damage will be greatly reduced.
The best way to control root-knot nematodes is biological control, where bacteria are used to treat bacteria and pests are used to treat pests. At present, it has been confirmed in the international and domestic that Beauveria bassiana and other microorganisms have certain preventive and therapeutic effects on root-knot nematodes. In the future, under the scientific basis, the corresponding beneficial bacteria can be added to the formula fertilizer, but it is not possible to blindly use all kinds of microbial bacteria, because any two microbial bacteria may have antagonistic effects together.
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