First, the choice of pond
1. The pond, water source, water quality, and pond area are generally 20-50 mu and the average water depth is 1.5 meters or more. The water source should be abundant and the water quality should be free from pollution. The PH is between 7.6-8.7, and the transparency is high.
2. Necessary facilities for the pond: The pond for breeding rivers must have a complete drainage and irrigation system, and the gate size should not be too small, with an inner diameter of 1-1.5 meters. In order to prevent the entry of large-scale mixed fish and harmful substances, and prevent the escape of river fish and Chinese shrimp, the water gate shall be installed with a 60-mesh inlet net; the drainage gate shall be equipped with a seine net.
Second, prepare for fish before
1. Renovation of ponds: First, dry ponds and sun baths, and then pay close attention to the time of dredging and remediation, so as to achieve the regularity of the embankment in the whole pond, without leakage, the bottom of the pool is flat, and the pool water depth is 1.5 meters or more.
2, clear pond sterilization: In order to effectively clear, remove wild and eliminate bacteria, per mu of water surface, use quicklime 70 kg and bleaching powder 6 kg.
3, timely water: clear pond, according to the quality of water and put the seedlings in time when the water, usually two days after the clear pond.
Third, the transport of fingerlings At present, the first-year-old fingerlings of rivers and fishes cultivated in northern China are often overwintered in greenhouses or nursery rooms before entering the pond; the average size of the sheds is about 150 grams/tail, so when the fingerlings are transported and entered Should pay attention to the following matters:
1. When the fish species enters the pool, the pond water temperature must be above 15°C and is in a continuous and stable state.
2. The difference between the salinity of wintering pond water and the salinity of the stocking pool is less than 5 miles. It is advisable to have a slightly lower salinity in the stocking pool.
3, short-distance transportation, the use of canvas 篓 shipment of fish species; if the transport distance is too long, you must properly reduce the fish density, while equipped with oxygen.
4. In the process of picking up fish and entering the pool, care should be taken to avoid human damage to the river.
5, before the fish into the pool with 10 ~ 15ppm nitrofurazone bath for 20 to 30 minutes, or 50ppm formalin for a short bath.
Fourth, stocking fish species
1. Stocking densities are based on pond conditions, water exchange, feed supply, aquaculture technology, market specifications and planned production. After the winter, the first-year river fish species and the Chinese prawn polyculture can be divided into rivers, 80 to 100 fish per mu, and 6,000 to 8,000 Chinese shrimps.
2. Precautions It is necessary to accurately calculate the total number of fish species in the pond. The stocking specifications in the same pool are the same and one foot is enough. The fish must be sterilized before stocking.
Fifth, feed and feeding
1, feed types commonly used feed frozen fish, sardines, thorn fish and other small fish.
2. Feeding amount Adjust the daily feeding amount according to the weather, water quality, fish growth and feed quality. When feeding frozen fish, the daily feeding amount (calculated according to the total weight of the fish) was 1.5 to 5% due to the low temperature of the cultured water in the early stage and the poor fish quality. In the middle and late periods, the water temperature gradually becomes more suitable, and in addition to the fall fattening, the daily feeding amount is 6 to 11%. After the equinox, it should be reduced as appropriate.
3. Feeding methods Fish should be fed in time after entering the pool. When feeding, evenly throwing in a certain range of not south, in order to fish into the water when the fish is swallowed. Two shots a day and three times a day, 55% of the day's feed on the day of the bait, feeding the rest of the afternoon. Before the fish is fed, it is necessary to smash it with a knife and then feed it. In short, in order to change the bait, do not vote, the fish do not vote when oxygen is lacking, the water temperature is less than 30 °C, cast less, the fish grow more than cast, until the fish out of the market, you can not interrupt feeding.
Six, aquaculture management
1. Changing water frequently This is an important task in day-to-day management. In the growing season, the pond water must be between 1.2-1.5 meters. The water in the early period of cultivation is low. In the middle and later periods, with the change of the air temperature from high to low, the water level should be kept high for fresh water quality and constant water temperature. . Change the water in the pond, change the water in the previous 7 days, 30 centimeters each time; 3-5 days in the middle and late period, 50 centimeters each time, special circumstances should be promptly changed, the exchange of water can not be less than 50%.
(2) Qintangtang should visit the patrol ponds once or twice in the morning and evening and take timely measures to find out the problems. The main contents of the patrol ponds are: (1) to observe whether fish disease occurs; (2) whether there is floating head phenomenon; (3) changes in water quality of fish ponds; Pay attention to changes in water level, water color, odor, and transparency; (4) Check drainage gates and nets for no fish leakage.
3. Routinely detect fish growth once every 10 days. The test content is: (1) Weighing and recording. Then analyze the growth of the fish regularly to adjust the amount of feeding in time; (2) Observe the growth of the fish carefully, and feedback the previous feeding and management information; (3) Check the fish for abnormal symptoms.
4. Estimate the amount of fish in the pond to carefully grasp the growth, death, and feeding conditions of the river fish; regularly check the survival rate, specifications, and other indicators for reference in pesticide application and feeding;
5, pond water quality management In general, the water color is light green, yellow-green, milky white and brown are normal water; if it was dark green, earth gray, red and sauce color is abnormal water color. In the physical and chemical indicators. The minimum water temperature must not be lower than 13°C, and the highest temperature should not be higher than 32°C. The salinity should not be too high, preferably between 18-23 。.
6, fish disease prevention must be "premature treatment, disease-free prevention." If the river is not suitable for management in the breeding process, it will also cause mass deaths, so the disease prevention and control work must be done well:
(1) Regular feeding of baits is usually done once every 10 days, each time for 3 consecutive days. The mixed drugs are oxytetracycline and nitrofurazone. The dose is 7.5 grams per 100 kilograms of fish.
(2) Nutritional diseases are fed fresh bait, and appropriate amounts of vitamins such as VE and VC are added at the same time.
(3) To prevent macular degeneration of adipose tissue, feed fresh live bait and avoid overfeeding.
(4) The third generation of worms was treated with 250 ppm formalin for 25-30 minutes.
(5) Adjuvant therapy While doing a good job of disease treatment, it focuses on changing the water to ensure that pond water is fresh.
VII. Related issues
1. During the process of polyculture of river fish and Chinese shrimp, according to the difference in feeding habits, fish management should be emphasized. On this basis, the appropriate amount of prawn feeding, feeding 2 times a day: feeding synthetic feed, so throughout the breeding cycle, the shrimp mainly produce food, plankton, and river fish food remaining debris of fish and so on.
2, the river is a variable temperature animal, water temperature is an important factor affecting its metabolic intensity. If the water temperature is too high, not only does it affect its growth rate, but it also easily causes a large number of fish deaths. Therefore, once the water temperature is found to be too high, a large number of water exchange methods can be adopted.
Eight, out of the pool Under normal circumstances, the river can reach the market specification after 5 and a half months of breeding. When going out of the pool, effective measures should be taken to ensure that the fish are discharged before the frost falls, so as to prevent the dead fish from freezing and artificially cause economic losses.
1. The pond, water source, water quality, and pond area are generally 20-50 mu and the average water depth is 1.5 meters or more. The water source should be abundant and the water quality should be free from pollution. The PH is between 7.6-8.7, and the transparency is high.
2. Necessary facilities for the pond: The pond for breeding rivers must have a complete drainage and irrigation system, and the gate size should not be too small, with an inner diameter of 1-1.5 meters. In order to prevent the entry of large-scale mixed fish and harmful substances, and prevent the escape of river fish and Chinese shrimp, the water gate shall be installed with a 60-mesh inlet net; the drainage gate shall be equipped with a seine net.
Second, prepare for fish before
1. Renovation of ponds: First, dry ponds and sun baths, and then pay close attention to the time of dredging and remediation, so as to achieve the regularity of the embankment in the whole pond, without leakage, the bottom of the pool is flat, and the pool water depth is 1.5 meters or more.
2, clear pond sterilization: In order to effectively clear, remove wild and eliminate bacteria, per mu of water surface, use quicklime 70 kg and bleaching powder 6 kg.
3, timely water: clear pond, according to the quality of water and put the seedlings in time when the water, usually two days after the clear pond.
Third, the transport of fingerlings At present, the first-year-old fingerlings of rivers and fishes cultivated in northern China are often overwintered in greenhouses or nursery rooms before entering the pond; the average size of the sheds is about 150 grams/tail, so when the fingerlings are transported and entered Should pay attention to the following matters:
1. When the fish species enters the pool, the pond water temperature must be above 15°C and is in a continuous and stable state.
2. The difference between the salinity of wintering pond water and the salinity of the stocking pool is less than 5 miles. It is advisable to have a slightly lower salinity in the stocking pool.
3, short-distance transportation, the use of canvas 篓 shipment of fish species; if the transport distance is too long, you must properly reduce the fish density, while equipped with oxygen.
4. In the process of picking up fish and entering the pool, care should be taken to avoid human damage to the river.
5, before the fish into the pool with 10 ~ 15ppm nitrofurazone bath for 20 to 30 minutes, or 50ppm formalin for a short bath.
Fourth, stocking fish species
1. Stocking densities are based on pond conditions, water exchange, feed supply, aquaculture technology, market specifications and planned production. After the winter, the first-year river fish species and the Chinese prawn polyculture can be divided into rivers, 80 to 100 fish per mu, and 6,000 to 8,000 Chinese shrimps.
2. Precautions It is necessary to accurately calculate the total number of fish species in the pond. The stocking specifications in the same pool are the same and one foot is enough. The fish must be sterilized before stocking.
Fifth, feed and feeding
1, feed types commonly used feed frozen fish, sardines, thorn fish and other small fish.
2. Feeding amount Adjust the daily feeding amount according to the weather, water quality, fish growth and feed quality. When feeding frozen fish, the daily feeding amount (calculated according to the total weight of the fish) was 1.5 to 5% due to the low temperature of the cultured water in the early stage and the poor fish quality. In the middle and late periods, the water temperature gradually becomes more suitable, and in addition to the fall fattening, the daily feeding amount is 6 to 11%. After the equinox, it should be reduced as appropriate.
3. Feeding methods Fish should be fed in time after entering the pool. When feeding, evenly throwing in a certain range of not south, in order to fish into the water when the fish is swallowed. Two shots a day and three times a day, 55% of the day's feed on the day of the bait, feeding the rest of the afternoon. Before the fish is fed, it is necessary to smash it with a knife and then feed it. In short, in order to change the bait, do not vote, the fish do not vote when oxygen is lacking, the water temperature is less than 30 °C, cast less, the fish grow more than cast, until the fish out of the market, you can not interrupt feeding.
Six, aquaculture management
1. Changing water frequently This is an important task in day-to-day management. In the growing season, the pond water must be between 1.2-1.5 meters. The water in the early period of cultivation is low. In the middle and later periods, with the change of the air temperature from high to low, the water level should be kept high for fresh water quality and constant water temperature. . Change the water in the pond, change the water in the previous 7 days, 30 centimeters each time; 3-5 days in the middle and late period, 50 centimeters each time, special circumstances should be promptly changed, the exchange of water can not be less than 50%.
(2) Qintangtang should visit the patrol ponds once or twice in the morning and evening and take timely measures to find out the problems. The main contents of the patrol ponds are: (1) to observe whether fish disease occurs; (2) whether there is floating head phenomenon; (3) changes in water quality of fish ponds; Pay attention to changes in water level, water color, odor, and transparency; (4) Check drainage gates and nets for no fish leakage.
3. Routinely detect fish growth once every 10 days. The test content is: (1) Weighing and recording. Then analyze the growth of the fish regularly to adjust the amount of feeding in time; (2) Observe the growth of the fish carefully, and feedback the previous feeding and management information; (3) Check the fish for abnormal symptoms.
4. Estimate the amount of fish in the pond to carefully grasp the growth, death, and feeding conditions of the river fish; regularly check the survival rate, specifications, and other indicators for reference in pesticide application and feeding;
5, pond water quality management In general, the water color is light green, yellow-green, milky white and brown are normal water; if it was dark green, earth gray, red and sauce color is abnormal water color. In the physical and chemical indicators. The minimum water temperature must not be lower than 13°C, and the highest temperature should not be higher than 32°C. The salinity should not be too high, preferably between 18-23 。.
6, fish disease prevention must be "premature treatment, disease-free prevention." If the river is not suitable for management in the breeding process, it will also cause mass deaths, so the disease prevention and control work must be done well:
(1) Regular feeding of baits is usually done once every 10 days, each time for 3 consecutive days. The mixed drugs are oxytetracycline and nitrofurazone. The dose is 7.5 grams per 100 kilograms of fish.
(2) Nutritional diseases are fed fresh bait, and appropriate amounts of vitamins such as VE and VC are added at the same time.
(3) To prevent macular degeneration of adipose tissue, feed fresh live bait and avoid overfeeding.
(4) The third generation of worms was treated with 250 ppm formalin for 25-30 minutes.
(5) Adjuvant therapy While doing a good job of disease treatment, it focuses on changing the water to ensure that pond water is fresh.
VII. Related issues
1. During the process of polyculture of river fish and Chinese shrimp, according to the difference in feeding habits, fish management should be emphasized. On this basis, the appropriate amount of prawn feeding, feeding 2 times a day: feeding synthetic feed, so throughout the breeding cycle, the shrimp mainly produce food, plankton, and river fish food remaining debris of fish and so on.
2, the river is a variable temperature animal, water temperature is an important factor affecting its metabolic intensity. If the water temperature is too high, not only does it affect its growth rate, but it also easily causes a large number of fish deaths. Therefore, once the water temperature is found to be too high, a large number of water exchange methods can be adopted.
Eight, out of the pool Under normal circumstances, the river can reach the market specification after 5 and a half months of breeding. When going out of the pool, effective measures should be taken to ensure that the fish are discharged before the frost falls, so as to prevent the dead fish from freezing and artificially cause economic losses.
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