It is understood that in 2014, the natural occurrence of rice blast disease in our province was the heaviest in the past 30 years, showing the characteristics of the onset of early onset, long duration, rapid epidemic proportion, and the severity of the disease. In early June, the disease center was found on the hills and along the river, which was significantly earlier than the normal years. In late August, the branches and grain pods were found after the break in hybrid japonica rice and early-season japonica rice. The initial period was 10 years earlier than usual. About a day; affected by the low-temperature, rainy, oligoglacial, and humid climates in August-September, some rice grouting reached more than half or even entered the milk ripening period, and the condition of the field continued to develop, and the onset duration was long. According to the survey, the rate of diseased ear and disease index increased by 73.2% and 1.04 times, respectively, during the 15 days from September 23 to October 8 in Yangye 4227, which was planted in the Yangmiao observation garden in the Minjiang River. Disease epidemics and aggravation rates are very fast. .
Zhu Feng of Jiangsu Plant Protection Station explained in an interview with reporters that compared to 2014, the overall extent of rice blast disease in our province was alleviated. The prominent performance of the disease was a significant reduction in the incidence of panicle blast in the later period, but the province still has a greater incidence of rice blast. Area, including hilly, along the river, along the coast, along the Huaihe, Huaibei area have different degrees of incidence, especially in the rainy season of frequent rainy season, the hilly area, part of the area along the river early occurrence of leafhoppers, disease severity.
“The rice blast disease is a typical climate-type disease. In 2014, the province’s indica rice heading heading and heading stage suffered from continuous low temperature, rainy weather and sunshine. It was the primary cause of the outbreak of rice blast in the same year. In 2015, the province’s indica rice heading and heading stage experienced a strong precipitation process. Compared with 2014, it was significantly reduced. This is one of the reasons for the reduction of late-season spikelets compared to 2014. Zhu Feng said.
According to Lu Minghong et al., National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, the decline in the resistance of rice varieties is an inherent factor in the recurrence of rice blast in 2014. The resistance of the varieties is not immutable. The resistance of a disease-resistant variety will decline or even be lost after several years of cultivation. The root cause lies in two aspects. The first is the variation of the physiological race of the rice blast pathogen, and the second is the balance relationship between the original variety and the pathogen. Being broken leads to the emergence of a new dominant race of germs. According to investigation and monitoring, the rice blast pathogens in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Sichuan, and Hubei experienced changes in dominant populations at different levels, which directly led to the loss of some major rice varieties. For example, Huayu No.7, Yangxuan 4227, Wuyunjing No. 24, Nanxun 9108 and some varieties of Japonica rice grown in our province are more serious.
“At present, rice planting areas of rice blast disease are still relatively large, but the succession of rice and wheat continuous cropping and straw returning are conducive to the accumulation of rice blast fungus sources. The bacteria source is sufficient in the field, especially in the event of low temperature continuous rainy weather, especially the heading The rice blast disease in low temperature and rainy weather may also occur recurringly. The production should focus on strengthening the prevention and control of the disease, said Zhu Feng. The prevention and control of panicle blast should pay attention to the weather conditions in a timely manner. In general years, the initial drug is used to catch the break, and the weather conditions are conducive to the year of recurrence. It is necessary to seize the two critical periods of the beginning and the end of the break to use each time. Drugs, such as heading in the case of low temperature and rainy weather, need to increase the number of prevention and control; early attention should also be paid to controlling the damage of leafhoppers, if it is found that acute rice blast lesions should be treated as soon as possible to control the onset of the disease. The medicines that are suitable for controlling rice blast include tricyclazole, rice bran, prochloraz, pyraclostrobin, and rice bran amide. Pay attention to the use of medicines and foot medicines to increase the control effect.
“In 2015, the final harm of rice in the panicle blast in our province was lighter. Apart from benefiting from the weather, the prevention and control of the disease has also played a significant role in controlling the disease in all areas, especially for key links such as large selection of crops and proper control of crops. Correctly grasped, but there are still some scattered cultivated fields because of the prevention and control of rice blast caused by a lack of place, in the future prevention and control process need to be paid attention to.†Zhu Feng said.
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