According to the plant protection station of Shaanxi Province, it is predicted that the apple tree rot disease in the fruit area of ​​Shaanxi Province will occur moderately in 2005, and the old orchard and moderately heavy orchard management will take priority; the apple early defoliation disease and hawthorn leaf pods will occur moderately; the ring vein disease, anthrax disease, and The moderate lightness of peach borer, etc. occurred; the first and second generations of the gold moth were moderately light and the third and fourth generations were moderate; the apple scale insects occurred moderately in the south and south of Xianyang, and moderately light in other fruit areas. Occurrence; pear black spot disease occurs moderately. In July and August, fruit trees such as apples and pears entered the period of fruit enlargement, and the curtain layers of fruit and leaves have been formed. The conditions of high temperature and high humidity are conducive to the breeding of pests in enclosed orchards. The pests that injure fruit trees during this period mainly include: early defoliation, Ringworm disease, anthrax, apple tree rot disease, peach borer, hawthorn leafhopper, gold thread moth, scale insect, pear scab, pear wood meal, pear yellow mealybug, etc., shall be strengthened to prevent and cure the leaves and fruits . Occurrence characteristics of diseases and diseases occurring in fruit trees in July and August. During this period, the pathogens of apple tree rot are easy to invade from the rough epidermis tissue and wounds at the base of the branches; the brown spot in early defoliation diseases is prevalent in rainy, hot, and humid climatic conditions, and the bacteria will continue to invade during this period. The defoliation is fast; from July to mid-August, it is still a critical period for infecting fruit with the ringworm pathogen; anthrax is easy to be endemic under high-temperature, high-humidity, and rainy conditions; the bacteria can quickly invade the fruit; Poor body ventilation, poor air permeability of the bag, black spot disease will increase the harm. Infestation characteristics. In the middle and early July of July, part of the larvae of peach borer larvae were desiccated on the ground and began to have the first generation of adults in mid-late July. After the spawning, the fruits were damaged. In high temperature and dry weather, the pods of Hawthorn were rapidly bred and prone to eruption. July and August were The most hazardous period of the year; in the middle and late July and mid-August, the third generation and the fourth generation of the adult moths occur respectively, and the larvae of the eggs hatch into the leaves; the nymphs of apple scale insects are scattered on the branches. Hazard; If there is more than 5 mm of rainfall, and there are more than 48 hours of continuous rainy days, pathogens of pear black spot disease can invade and invade the fruit after many infections; pear wood worm body secrete mucus will wrap itself And when the relative humidity of the air is above 60%, molds in the environment can attach to the secretions to contaminate the leaves and fruits; P. fulgens continues to harm the fruits, and the closer to the ripening of the fruit, the greater the damage. Comprehensive prevention and control techniques Strengthen comprehensive management, increase tree vigor, and improve air and light conditions of the tree. The orchards with canopy closure, poor ventilation and light transmission, extensive cultivation and management, and weak tree vigor provide breeding conditions for a variety of pests and diseases and are conducive to the epidemic of diseases and insect pests. Therefore, improving the ventilation and light transmission conditions, protecting the leaves, and strengthening the tree vigor are the basis for preventing diseases and insect pests. Agricultural control. Cut off the shoots and shoots, remove the fruit of the heartworm, and bring them out of the orchard. Sex attractants were used to seduce peach borer, leaf roller moth, gold moth, and pear borer. Chemical control. Specific measures: (1) After July, if an apple tree rot disease ulcer spot is found, apply it with the original solution of Green Cloud brand healing agent in a timely manner after scraping. It is also possible to use 4% “Fangkang 120†50 times solution or Bactotoxic 50 - 100 times liquid brushing tree trunk and base to protect the tree, to prevent the invasion of bacteria. (2) According to the occurrence of disease and symptomatic timing, the apple orchard can use Dasheng M-45 plus thiophanate-methyl 800-fold or Fuxing 10000-fold, plus avermectin 8000-fold (or Lance, or Kung Fu And other pyrethroid pesticides). (3) Apple brown spot, ring sputum disease, anthrax, black spot disease, pear scab, etc. can be used alternately with Bordeaux mixture, such as 10% of Seco 3000-4000 times solution (or carbendazim, chlorpromazine), etc. Polyoxin is used alternately with Dasheng M-45 or Yibao. (4) Alternaria deciduous disease can be controlled by 43% Halifax suspension. (5) In combination with investigative attractants, the adult worms were trapped and killed. When the average number of leaf mites per leaf was 7-8, sneezes would 3,000 times or 2500 times. (6) In mid-late July, the second generation eggs of the golden thread moth hatched and sprayed with 25% Diflubenzuron No. 3 rubber suspension 2000 times or 1.8% Abamectin 4000-6000 times. (7) In the middle and late July of July, when the fruit rate of peach borer hits 1-2%, 30% peach Xiaoling 2000 times will be sprayed. (8) On average, when 4 adult pear nymphs and nymphs were found on every 10 leaves, they could be sprayed with 35% Sadan 1000 times to control the scale insects. (9) Bagged pears are frequently bagged and checked for more than 3% of the fruit. If 0.3-0.5% of the bag is found to have yellow mealworms, choose a medicine with strong absorption and fumigation in time, such as Saitan 1000 times spray wet paper bag. , Kill the bag body insects. Or in the orchard with severe black spot disease in the previous year, the fruit bag should be spot checked. If symptoms of black spot disease are found, the bottom vent hole of the bag can be cut immediately, and the air hole can be appropriately increased to enhance the gas circulation inside and outside the bag.
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