Microbial pesticides are a class of biopesticides and are a class of pesticides that prevent and control vegetable pests and weeds by living microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. They do not include various types of agricultural antibiotics. Like other biological pesticides, microbial pesticides also have the advantages of low toxicity, safety to natural enemies, and environmental friendliness. They are the preferred pesticides for producing pollution-free agricultural products. In order to allow a large number of vegetable farmers to have a more comprehensive and detailed understanding of this, now the microbial pesticides developed and produced in China and their applications in agricultural production are briefly summarized as follows.
1. Bacterial microbial pesticides
(1) Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is currently the most widely used variety, accounting for the vast majority of all microbial pesticides used, can be used to control diamondback moth, cabbage caterpillar, beet armyworm, Spodoptera litura, tea caterpillars, tea feet , Helicoverpa armigera, corn borer, brood moth and other Lepidoptera pests.
(2) Bacillus polymyxa can be used to control tomato, pepper, and eggplant bacterial wilt.
(3) Bacillus subtilis can be used to control cucumber powdery mildew, strawberry powdery mildew and gray mold, etc. It can also be used to regulate vegetable growth and increase production.
2. Fungal microbial pesticides
(1) Beauveria bassiana is also a class of microbial pesticides that can be used for the control of many species of pests such as whiteflies, whiteflies and cockroaches. It is very suitable for pest control in protected areas.
(2) Trichoderma can be used to control cucumber gray mold and downy mildew, watermelon blight and bacterial wilt.
3. Viral microbial pesticides
At present, there are more than 300 kinds of viruses that have pathogenicity against insects, and more than 200 species of lepidopteran pests can be infected. There are three commonly used viruses:
(1) Nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Sprayed on plants, after being eaten by insects, they are digested by gastric juice to release the rod-shaped virus particles. They enter the body cavity through the stomach (intestinal) skin cells, and they replicate and proliferate in the insect's cell nucleus. Infected insects can die for about 10 days.
(2) Mass polyhedrosis virus. After being sprayed on the plants and eaten by insects, circular virus particles are formed in the cytoplasm of the insects, and the infected insects die for about 10-20 days.
(3) Granular virus. Sprayed on the plant, after being eaten by insects, it dies for about 4 to 5 days.
The current microbial pesticides are mainly insecticides. Fungal Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), Beauveria bassiana and virus preparations are all targeted at insects, especially Lepidoptera, and only a few are targeted at diseases such as Bacterial Bacillus and Trichoderma in Fungi. However, there is a bright future for microbial pesticides that are harmful to disease, and it is a very promising pesticide species.
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