I. Scientifically formulated diets
1, using high-quality feed. All kinds of nutrients obtained by the chicken can be comprehensive and balanced, with an egg ratio of 2.3 to 2.4 points. The use of premixes or concentrates for self-provisioned feeds saves on shipping costs, ensures quality, and reduces the costs of intermediate links.
2, adjust the feed formula. According to the characteristics of different nutritional requirements of chickens in different physiological periods, feed formulations can be timely adjusted to meet the needs of chickens. In actual production, the peak of egg production for high-yielding chickens can last more than 4 months, and high-level feed nutrition should extend the maintenance time appropriately. After that, the amount of protein should be reduced according to the decrease in egg production rate to avoid nutrient waste. When the flock is immunized, divided into groups, transferred to groups, and cut off, the vitamin content and protein level in the feed may be appropriately increased.
Second, careful management
1, less material to add Tim. Each time feeding does not exceed one-third of the feeding trough, try to allow the chicken to feed the feed in the trough before feeding, to prevent moldy deterioration of the remaining feed.
2, timely and correct failure. Cutting off lice saves about 6% of the feed from continuously feeding chickens, and arranges experienced workers to break the hens when they are 7-9 days old.
3, eliminate bad individuals. Usually pay attention to the observation of chickens, found that diseased chickens, weak chickens, low-yielding chickens, discontinued chickens were eliminated in time. Such chickens generally account for 3 to 5% of the total number of chickens, and each additional day for 1 day consumes 100 grams per bird. Some chicken farmers are often not able to eliminate the determination, resulting in a waste of feed.
Keepers must have certain experience in raising chickens in order to eliminate “white chickens†accurately: crowns, pale faces, hens with atrophic crowns and yellow legs should be singled out; pubescent hens have a pubic bone pitch of more than 3 fingers, pubic bones and The distance between the sternum is more than 3 fingers. When the peak of egg production is over, some chicken pubis are found not to be 1. 5 fingers, less than 2 fingers in the diaphragm, overweight or overweight hens should be eliminated in time; abdominal enlargement, intraperitoneal product Water or accumulated more liquid, inconvenient walking hens eliminated in time.
4, scientific custody feed. Care should be taken to place the feed in a cool, dry, ventilated, rain-proof, sun-protective, and insect-proof place. Do not store it for a long period of time, especially during hot summer months, but also prevent the feed from becoming moldy.
5. Reduce rat waste. A mouse can steal about 9 kilograms of feed every year. Contamination of feed, destruction of equipment and utensils in poultry houses, bite of chickens, and stealing of eggs can cause large losses to chicken farmers. Therefore, eliminating mice also saves feed. An important measure to reduce costs.
6, medication science and reasonable. In the disinfection and epidemic prevention drugs, we must not only be willing to invest, but also not afraid of trouble. Insist on cleaning, washing, liquid soaking and fumigation before entering the chicken. After entering the chicken, insist on sterilizing the chicken. The prevention of epidemics should be targeted, and avoid disease-free use of drugs to increase the cost of raising chickens and the treatment effect at the time of onset. Before medication, it is best to do drug susceptibility testing to symptomatic medication. Dosage should be sufficient at the time of administration, choose the best route of administration, and use a full course of therapy.
7, save water and electricity costs. The use of nipple drinkers can save 80% to 85% of water compared to drinking water in sinks. It can also keep chicken coops dry, clean and tidy, and there is less chance for chicken diseases. Starting from the chicks, a reasonable lighting program should be established and implemented. Every day from 1 to 3 days of age should be lighted for 22 hours, then each week for 2 hours, until 7 weeks of age, with 9 hours of light per day, and daily light increase from 16 weeks of age. One hour until the light time reaches 16 hours, and it stays the same afterwards. If the light is too strong, it will not only cause flea in the flock but also waste electricity.
8, reduce stress factors. Sudden changes in any environmental conditions can frighten the flock and cause stress, leading to poor appetite, reduced egg production, and soft shell eggs. In addition to taking targeted measures to reduce stress, it is necessary to formulate and strictly implement scientific broiler house management procedures, including lighting, ventilation, feeding, water supply, and feed replacement.
9. Strengthen rearing and management after peak egg production. The key part of the management after the peak period of egg production is to adopt restricted breeding to prevent the hens from being over-fat and affect the performance of laying performance, so as to ensure that the egg production in the middle and later stages is good. The specific method is to limit the feeding when the egg production rate drops by 4% to 6% after 3 to 6 weeks after the egg production peak. During the feed restriction process, the exploratory cutting is performed in combination with the laying curve to prevent the egg production rate from falling too quickly due to material reduction.
Third, pay attention to backup cultivation
1, preferred grain varieties. According to the relevant data, if the weight of chickens is increased by 0.5 kg each, 3 kg of feed will be consumed each year; within the same area, the number of white-shelled laying hens may be 25% more than that of brown-shelled laying hens, and the overall benefit will be at least 25 %.
2, improve the reserve chicken uniformity. The success of cultivating spare chickens is an important indicator of their uniformity. Small differences in body size, flock development, sexual maturity can be synchronized, in the future to open the production time can be consistent, the peak egg production is also high. In the management, efforts are made to increase the uniformity of chicks from chicks, and attention should be paid to keeping strong and weak chicks separately and strengthen nutrition for weak chicks. The stocking density should be moderate, and the environmental conditions caused by the excessive breeding density must be eliminated. The average material level and water level of the chickens should be insufficient, affecting the uniformity of the broiler chickens; the birds should be grouped at the right time according to their weight, divided into large, medium and small groups, and be overweight. The group carried out the necessary restriction of feeding, and reasonable supplementation was performed on the group with small body weight so as to reduce the difference of the whole group weight and achieve the orderliness of the opening weight.
3, reserve chicken weight compliance. Weight is one of the important indicators to measure the growth and development of spare chickens. The development of bones is closely related to the egg weight and egg shell strength of the hen in the future. In the management, the average body weight and skeletal development of the opening chickens can be achieved at the same time is an important sign of body maturity. Different chicken breeds have their own standard weight. When they are overweight, they have poor sexual performance. The development of bones is expressed in terms of length. The body weight is up to standard and the length is not up to standard, indicating that the body has excess fat, which directly affects the egg production and shell quality. The principle that should be mastered when adjusting body weight is: on the basis of satisfying the protein, adjust the energy, when the intake energy is high, the weight gain is quickened. Therefore, in the breeding process, it is necessary to measure the body weight and length from time to time, and take appropriate feeding and management measures, in order to make their body weight and length in the opening can be at the same time.
4, control the age of sexual maturity. Sexual maturity is related to the environment and heredity. Reasonable lighting is an important measure to control sexual maturity. After 12 weeks of age, the layer is sensitive to light stimulation, and light can promote sexual maturity. In the production, we should pay attention to the development of a scientific and reasonable lighting program, so that the chicken's body maturity and sexual maturity can be synchronized to ensure the full play of the potential for production. If the body weight is up to standard, it should be extended by 1 hour per week from 18 weeks of age or 20 weeks of age to a constant increase of 16 hours. If the 20-week-old body weight is still not up to the standard, the supplemental illumination time will be postponed one week later, and nutrition will be enhanced at this stage to promote the body weight.
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