The rural beef cattle have poor farming conditions and low technology. Most of them use feeding methods that rely mainly on grazing and supplementary feeding. The rearing management cannot reach the required level, resulting in obstructed development of beef cattle and slow growth. Therefore, how to increase the income of cattle-raising households as far as possible is the key to raising the economic benefits of beef cattle breeding. According to the actual production, the author summarizes the following key measures for beef cattle rearing and management, providing reference for cattle farmers.
Choose cattle of good breed and appearance
As far as possible, select the descendants of the cross between the bulls of Charolais, Limousin, Simmental, etc., and the local yellow cattle. Select the short head, wide mouth, large neck, thick body, long front and rear trunk, and middle trunk. Short, loose skin, large physique and muscle is not rich, angular edges, back plait width and equal appearance characteristics of yak or bred cattle.
Regulatory management
According to different seasons and temperature changes, timely adopt different management methods. During the summer hot season, it is appropriate to increase the nutrient concentration in the diet, especially the protein content. The addition of cooling additives can reduce the heat stress response. When the temperature exceeds 30°C, spray water on the ground at noon, or take measures such as hair-drying and head showering to prevent heatstroke. In winter, it is necessary to prevent thief wind, reduce humidity, absorb more sun, and reasonably prepare rations. Increase the supply of concentrates, increase energy levels, ensure various nutrient balances, enhance resistance, prevent frozen feed, and regularly drink water. The appropriate temperature in spring and autumn is suitable for the growth of beef cattle. It is necessary to make full use of this period to adjust feed, ensure nutrient supply, strengthen feeding management, and promote rapid weight gain. A disinfection tank is set up at the entrance of the cowshed. After the cows have cleaned all the cowsheds, laps, fields, and food troughs, they use 2% sodium hydroxide, 10% lime milk, 5% bleach, 0.5% 100% poison or sodium hypochlorite. Disinfect and replace the disinfectant regularly. Divided into small groups by age, strength and weight. Before the shelf fattening of cattle, it is necessary to carry out deworming, stomach and other procedures. Insect repellents such as levamisole, trichlorfon, and insect worms are used for fasting cattle. When levamisole is used as an anthelmintic, the oral dose is 8 mg/kg; when insects are used as an anthelmintic, the oral dose is 100 mg/kg, and the acupuncture subcutaneous dose is 0.2 mg/kg. The stomach is digested stomachic acid mixed into the feed or oral administration, poor nutrition, hair quality, poor feeding, defecate dry cattle fed, promote digestive tract activities, or use rhubarb tablets stomach, Feed 1 tablet per 15 kg body weight for 5 consecutive days - 7 days.
Scientific feeding
At the same time as grazing, according to local feed sources and their own conditions, with scientific and reasonable nutrition. Choose the right fattening method:
One is supplementing fattening method with concentrate feed. In areas with vast grasslands and excellent grass quality, beef cattle can basically feed, and then supplement the concentrate after the grazing to meet their protein and energy needs. After deworming, the shelf cow is mainly grazing, and then it is subjected to intensity fattening, supplementing 3 kg-4 kg of concentrated material daily, 50-60 g of mineral additives, 20-80 g of artificial salt, fed twice .
The second is urea fattening method. The dosage is 50g-75g/head per day, or about 2.5% of the mixed concentrate. Add to the diet and mix well. At the same time, protein feed should be reduced by 1/4-1/3, supplemented with energy feed.
Third, distillers' grains fattening method. In the early stage of fattening, 13 kilograms of lees, 4 kilograms of corn stalks, and 3.5 kilograms of mixed concentrates; 17 kilograms of distillers' lees in the middle of fattening, 4 kilograms of corn stalks, and 3 kilograms of mixed concentrates; 20 kilograms of distillers' lees and 4 kilograms of corn stalks in the late fattening period , mixed with 4.5 kg of fine material. The distiller's grains to be fed should be fresh and high in quality, corrupted, moldy, frozen, or sanded, and should not be fed to avoid poisoning.
The fourth is corn silage fattening method. During the early period of fattening, 26 kg of silage corn, 6 kg of hay, 1.3 kg of corn, 0.05 kg of salt, 0.06 kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 50 g of mineral additives, 24 kg of corn silage in the middle of fattening, 6.5 kg of mixed hay, 2.2 kg of corn, Salt 0.05 kg, calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.06 kg, mineral additives 50 grams; fattening late, corn silage 22 kg, mixed hay 5 kg, 3.5 kg of corn, salt 0.05 kg, calcium phosphate calcium 0.06 kg, 50 grams of mineral additives. When using corn silage when fattening, pay attention to the quality of silage, let the cow have a process of adaptation, the amount of feeding from less to more, used to be fed in large quantities later.
Fifth, ammoniated straw fattening method. The crop stalks are kneaded by a kneader to 1 cm to 2 cm in length. After the ammoniated treatment, the cows are allowed to feed freely, supplemented with an appropriate amount of concentrate. The proportions of the concentrates are: corn 65%, bean cake 10%, bran 18 %, bone meal 2%, shell powder 2%, mineral and vitamin additives 2%, salt 1%.
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