Soybean is the main planting variety in China, but in recent years, soybean production is not high, as far as it is due to soybean root rot. The following is a small series of soybean root rot disease conditions and occurrence status, and a reasonable root rot prevention and control method.
The harmful consequences of soybean root rot are very serious. In recent years, soybeans in Heilongjiang have been greatly affected by them. Soybean production has been declining year by year, especially in early soybean seedlings. Once infected with soybean root rot, the normal growth of seedlings will Will be restricted, even because the nutrient supply road of seedlings can not be smooth, it will lead to dead seedlings; mature soybeans will not be spared if they encounter soy root rot. The roots of mature soybeans will affect the upper half of soybeans due to decay. Part of the growth and the pods of the soybeans ultimately reduce the yield of soybeans.
1. Factors influencing soybean root rot
1.1 Soybean infection
Soybean root rot is similar to our infectious disease. Root rot occurs in the roots of a soybean seedling. The root rot fungus is produced and survives. Due to the large amount of moist bacteria inside the soil, it is suitable for the growth of root rot fungi, plus Soybean crops are usually planted without voids. The roots of each soybean are in contact with each other. The nutrients and roots of root rot fungi are sufficient, which leads to rapid growth and growth, which harms the normal development and growth of soybean.
1.2 Land temperature and humidity effects
The inappropriate soil temperature is not only not conducive to the growth and development of soybean seedlings, but also conducive to the pod formation of adult soybeans. On the contrary, it is more conducive to the reproduction and rapid growth of soybean root rot fungi. The suitable soil temperature suitable for the growth of soybean seedlings is About 22 degrees, above or below this temperature will have a certain role in promoting the occurrence of root rot fungi, especially the low temperature is not conducive to the growth of soybean seedlings. Soil moisture has a certain effect on the occurrence of soybean root rot fungi. The humidity is too high, the soil moisture content is too much, and the moist environment is suitable for the development and reproduction of root rot fungi, and in this case, it also causes the poor growth of soybean seedlings. The less nutrients extracted from the roots of soybeans, the lower the bacterial resistance of soybeans. Soy root rot fungi invade the roots of soybeans, making it easier to parasitize.
1.3 The role of chemical agents
In order to prevent the infestation of pests and diseases, the soybeans grow rapidly. The average farmer uses chemicals such as fertilizers and herbicides. Although these agents reduce the growth of weeds and promote the development of seedlings, different chemicals It has different effects on the growth of root rot fungi. The different dosages of the same agent have different effects on root rot fungi. For example, the higher nitrogen content in chemical fertilizers makes the root rot of seedlings more likely to occur, and appropriate Adding appropriate phosphorus to the fertilizer will inhibit the growth of root rot fungi. In addition, the amount of herbicides also plays a large role, and the appropriate dosage will promote the growth of seedlings and prevent the occurrence of root rot.
2, the symptoms of root rot
When the root rot fungus has just parasitized at the root of the soybean, there will be no too much lesion in the upper part of the soil, and there will be inconspicuous spots in the root of the soybean, which will not attract attention. However, as the root rot stays in the root of the soybean, the invasion is more Severe, the more obvious the lesion, the larger spots appear in the roots of the soybeans, the spots gradually enlarge, and eventually the whole roots, the upper part of the adult soybeans will also show more serious symptoms, the adult plants are short, the whole plant Presenting the current state of malnutrition, and the worst is that the number of pods is extremely small, and soy grains are mostly small and dry.
3. Prevention and cure methods of soybean root rot
3.1 Artificial prevention of root rot
Since root rot fungus is a soil-inhabiting bacteria, it is necessary to ensure the distance between soybeans before planting soybeans, to prevent root rot fungi from continuously multiplying by sufficient parasites, and not to continuously sow soybeans during soybean planting. Seeds, several other crop seeds can be sown at intervals, preventing and controlling continuous cropping. At the same time, in order to ensure the temperature and humidity of the soil suitable for soybean growth, to avoid the occurrence of root rot, during soil cultivation, it is necessary to plow in real time to ensure that the soil is exposed to sunlight, and the temperature is appropriate. In addition, we must pay attention to the soil moisture problem and avoid excessive soil water storage. , reduce the parasitism of root rot fungi.
3.2 Chemical control
Chemicals have a certain effect on the control of root rot fungi. By adding the chemical components of soybean seeds to the seeds, a very good proportion of soybean plants resistant to root rot fungi can be obtained. Add chemicals to the soil to prevent the production of root rot fungi, but be sure to pay attention to the amount of the chemical used. Adding too much may change the characteristics of the soil, and more serious may contaminate the soil and pollute the environment.
3.3 Biological and physical treatment
Biologically treated soybean seeds are not much different from chemical agents in that they change their original resistance by treating soybean seeds, but the addition of chemical agents may affect soil characteristics and produce certain pollution. The method is to treat the soybean seeds by parasitic, antibiotic, lytic, etc., so that the soybean seeds have the characteristics of resisting root rot. The physical means can use the soil cover film to make the soil receive a certain amount of sunlight, which not only helps the sterilization, but also ensures the reasonable temperature of the soil, prevents the occurrence of root rot bacteria, and eliminates the growth of soybean plants. For soybean seeds, the germination method of physical means can also be adopted, and the seeds after sowing germination can prevent the invasion of root rot bacteria.
Soybean root rot should be timely prevented and treated. Otherwise, it is not only the murder of a bean strain, but the threat to the whole bean field. It is very important to take correct measures to prevent it, whether through agricultural technology or not. Pharmacy treatment, biological and physical means, must be observed in the prevention and control process, more consideration, not the correct way to completely protect the soybean plants, soybeans may also produce other invisible lesions in the growth process, in order to To ensure that the yield of soybeans is normal, it must be investigated at any time and processed in time.
The above is the prevention and control method of soybean root rot by Huinong. If you want to know more about agricultural technology, please pay attention to Hui Nong School!
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