It's summer in the summer and it's very important to cool down in the summer. It's a very important job to cool down the farm in the summer and it is also the most troublesome problem for many pig farm operators. These measures are useful for your pig raising.
Pig house insulation
Insulation is to prevent heat from being transferred outside the house. The strength of the insulation depends on the thermal resistance value and thermal storage performance of the building materials used. The external protection structure with high thermal resistance and heat storage capacity is introduced. With less heat in the house and low internal surface temperature of the external protective structure, heat radiation from the inner surface to the pig can be reduced. Therefore, suitable external structural protection materials and structures should be selected to ensure the desired heat insulation effect. The strong solar radiation roof in summer is easy to transmit radiant heat to the house. In order to improve the thermal insulation of the roof, ventilated roofs can be used in areas where heatstroke prevention is dominant, that is, the roof is built into two layers. The air between the layers is radiant and light, and is discharged from the exhaust port. Cold air flows in through the intake port. Reduce heat transfer to the bottom of the roof. The light and glossy surfaces have a much higher reflectance than the darker, rougher surfaces, so the exterior light surface of the pig house roof and the facade are light colored.
Cooling facilities
Visor and greening
In order to reduce the temperature of the surrounding environment of the pig house, certain facilities may be used to cut off the solar radiation. A horizontal plate may be added to the window to block the sunlight coming from above the window; for a pig house with a playground or a solar greenhouse, it should be used in summer. Set up pergola or planting vine shade, northern shade net or widen roof to provoke.
In addition to its role in purifying the air, improving the conditions of the microclimate, and beautifying the environment, greening also has the function of alleviating solar radiation and reducing the temperature of the environment. In the summer, solar radiant heat should be reduced as much as possible through greening and shading. When the ambient temperature is higher than that of the house, the surrounding buildings can also be heated to increase the temperature inside the house. The air can be brought into the house through doors, windows and ventilation holes. Tree planting helps reduce the ambient temperature around the pig house. The area of ​​the leaves is 75 times that of the planted area of ​​the trees, and the area of ​​the grass blades is 25 to 35 times of the area of ​​the grass. These leaves, which are several tens of times larger than the green area, have a large amount of absorption of solar radiant heat through transpiration and photosynthesis and can be significantly reduced. Air temperature; Grass can block 80% of sunlight, so that the temperature of buildings and ground surface can be reduced, and the moisture held by the roots of plants can also absorb a large amount of heat from the ground to cool down. Therefore, we should strengthen the planting of grass and grass on the farms and surrounding areas to reduce the temperature of the environment, but tall trees should not be suitable for a variety of species, affecting ventilation, but also can attract wild birds to prevent the disease.
ventilation
In summer, when the temperature in the house is higher than the outside, the ventilation can bring the heat out of the house. It can also increase the speed of the airflow in the house. When passing through the pig, it will take away the heat and promote the pig body. Evaporative heat dissipation. Mechanical ventilation is one of the main cooling measures taken in the north.
The topography and terrain are closely related to the air flow activity. The site selection must be selected in an open, well-ventilated area, and should not be selected in places with leewards and coffers.
The direction of the pig house facing the pig house has a certain influence on the cooling of the ventilation. In addition to considering the reduction of solar radiation and anti-storm storms in the hot areas, the main wind direction in the summer must also be considered.
Pig farm building layout In addition to considering epidemic prevention, daylighting, etc., the pig farm building layout and pig house spacing should also consider ventilation, the layout should be reasonable, and the spacing should not be too small, generally not less than 10m.
In order to facilitate ventilation, the piggery should not be provided with gable walls. Each partition wall, especially the partition wall between the house and the passage, should be replaced with iron fence.
The location of the vents is to increase the airflow speed in the house to ensure that the airflow is even and can pass around the pig body, and the location of the vents should be reasonably arranged. The air inlet should be set in the positive pressure zone, and the air outlet should be set in the negative pressure zone to ensure that there are drafts in the pig house. The air inlet should be evenly arranged to ensure even ventilation and the pigs in the pig house can feel it. To cool the air flow, to allow the airflow through the pig around, you can set foot window ventilation.
The span of the pig house span also affects the ventilation effect. The ventilation path of the small span pig house is short and straight, and the air flow is smooth. When the span exceeds 10 m, the ventilation effect is poor and it is difficult to form a draft style.
Evaporative cooling
In high temperature environment, pigs mainly rely on evaporative heat dissipation. When the ambient temperature is higher than the skin temperature, the body can only rely on evaporative heat dissipation to maintain body heat balance. Therefore, directly spraying the pig body can effectively relieve the pig's heat stress; Ground watering, roof spraying, house spray, etc. can all serve to cool the environment.
The evaporative cooling of pigs is the use of drippers, showers and aerosols to wet the pigs. Since the water temperature is lower than the body temperature of pigs, the body heat can be expelled by conduction convection. The evaporative heat of pig body surface water can also promote the body. Hot discharge. The operation of the sprinkler and drip device should be intermittent and frequent. The water on the skin will evaporate after 1 hour. Therefore, continuous operation will only increase the water consumption and power consumption in vain, but will not enhance the cooling effect. Sprinkle spray continuously every 45 minutes.
Pay attention to the actual operation of the filter should be installed in the water pipe to prevent the water nozzle is blocked by debris, water pressure can not be too high or too low.
It is also important to pay attention to the installation position of the water spout in production to avoid getting the floor wet and the pig not getting wet. For spraying pigs with group pigs, the cost is cheaper and the control is simpler; for pregnant sows kept on the limit bar, drip devices are generally used, and the water droplets should be placed in the neck and shoulders of the sows because of the blood vessels. Abundant, conducive to heat dissipation; for the sows on the farrowing bed, the dripping mouth is not easy to be too high, usually 30 centimeters above the farrowing pen, the sow can not reach the dripping mouth, and the dripping mouth does not drop the water It will splash on the piglet. The ditch is in the farrowing room on the hip. It is best to place water on the buttocks of the sow. Although the effect of heat dripping on the buttocks is not as good as on the neck, it can only make the splashed water wet. At the back of the pen, the piglets should be dripping after 10 days of age to prevent adverse effects on the piglet. The following measures can be taken to reduce the temperature of the environment:
(1) Ground watering: It is a traditional method of cooling. It has a certain effect but it takes a lot of water and labor, and it is easy to make the ground wet and the humidity in the house too high. (2) Roof spray: It uses the principle of evaporation and heat absorption of water to reduce the roof temperature and reduce the radiant heat transfer to the house. This method wastes water and is not as good as the roof insulation material, once and for all. (3) Spraying in the house: The mist is dropped in the air during spraying to achieve the purpose of cooling (usually lowering Sherwin's temperature from 1°C to 3°C), but at the same time increasing the humidity in the house, the cooling effect is likely to be affected by humidity. The increase was offset by the fact that the law only applies to dry and hot areas. (4) Wet curtain: We add a wet curtain at the air inlet of mechanical ventilation. When the air passes through the wet curtain, the temperature of the air is reduced due to the evaporation of moisture, and the low-temperature air enters the pig house to achieve the purpose of cooling. °C or more), but at the same time it also increases the air humidity in the house, so this method is most suitable for dry and hot areas.
Feeding management
Reducing the density of herds The hot summer sow farms can consider not only seeding the animals in advance but also emptying the field to select breeding pigs to reduce herd density and reduce heat stress.
Adding anti-stress additives and electrolytes to feeds or electrolyzing multidimensional electrolytes in drinking water can reduce the adverse effects of heat stress. The feed additives listed in Table I can use one or two to reduce heat stroke. The chemical composition of the formula in Table II is sufficient to use a feed grade. Even if one or both of the ingredients are not available, the mixture can still function. Drinking water at a concentration of 1 g/L can prevent heat stress, and the multiple can be alleviated. Symptoms of heat stress can also be added to the feed in amounts of 2 kg to 4 kg/ton, and electrolysis is multidimensionally added according to commercially available instructions.
During the hot season, sows and boars can be fed in the wee hours and evenings. Starch can also be reduced in the feed to increase the content of oils and fats. Such feeds can relieve heat stress. The general amount of oil added is 1% to 2%. %about. At high temperatures, pigs’ drinking water should not be stored in water towers for long periods of time to ensure freshness and coolness.
Treatment of heat stroke
A. Rapid withdrawal of sick pigs from high temperature areas
B. Use air conditioning, electric fan or cool water to cool the body surface. Pay attention to the cold water and do not directly punch the head. Should flush the chest, after a small area, a large area, with severe cold enema.
C. Symptoms may be slightly intramuscular antipyretic drugs such as metasynthetic, can not afford to breathlessness should be intravenous bleeding blood 100ml-200ml, there are intramuscular symptoms of intramuscular injection of chlorpromazine, drink too much should be intramuscular injection of furosemide To alleviate the symptoms of water intoxication.
D. Heart failure should be resuscitated.
E. Carefully reared carefully after the symptoms are relieved.
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