In recent years, the main production areas of red jujube in China are serious in the ripening season of jujube fruit and pulping phenomenon after harvesting. In general years, the production is reduced by 15%-30%, and the loss rate of popular jujube fruit is as high as 50%-60%. To this end, starting in 2004, Zhangzhou City Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology personnel in conjunction with the Quzhou City Forestry Bureau, Jixian Jiahe Biological Preparation Plant and other relevant units carried out research on the cause and prevention of red jujube pulp erosion, are summarized as follows:
First, the relationship between cracked fruit and rotten fruit of red dates
Jujube cracking fruit refers to the cracking of the peel during the growing period of jujube fruit, which is a kind of physiological disease; pulping refers to the phenomenon of rotting fruit and berries in the process of development, maturing, picking, drying and storage, and is the quality that is affected by the environment. Variety. Although the causes of damage are different between cracked fruit and pulpy fruit, they are often woven together and appear to be heavy.
Second, the law of jujube pulp rotten
Jujube slurries mostly occurred in pre-harvest and post-harvest stages. The pre-harvested pulp usually appears from the white maturation to the ripening, and the post-harvest pulp may occur during harvesting, drying, and storage. The jujube orchard, which has severe cracking and pulp erosion before harvesting, is often heavy when it is dried after harvesting, but lighter when it is dry. Poultry harvesting is affected by the harvesting period and the environmental impact of drying. At this time, rainy or cloudy rains can cause severe pulping. The main factors affecting red jujube pulp are as follows: 1) germs. The source of jujube pulp and rotten fruit originates from soils and forests near the outside of Zaoyuan and the garden. The pathogens are mostly fungi and bacteria, such as Destructive Stem fungal, Alternaria spp., Ganoderma lucidum, etc. Parasitic bacteria parasitize the fruit and multiply, it will cause jujube pulp rotten. 2) Mature, picking, and drying weather. Jujube fruit in the mature, harvest, drying season, the worst bogey rain and other bad weather. During the growing season under high temperature and high humidity conditions, jujube trees are susceptible, and jujube fruit is easily infested by pathogenic bacteria. When the fruit is ripe, it will be affected by rain and rain, which will not only affect harvesting but also cannot dry. In addition, the high humidity and poor ventilation can cause the water of the jujube fruit to be unable to be distributed, so that the bacteria will rapidly multiply and spread, form infection, and then infect, causing jujube mildew, fermentation, spoilage, pulp slurring. 3) Injuries of jujube fruit in the growing season. Such as cracking fruit, diseased fruit, wounded fruit, etc., these residual fruits are easily infected by pathogens from the wound, once the high temperature, high humidity conditions will be mild, especially in the post-harvest drying process in the more prominent performance. 4) Management level. High management level can effectively inhibit berry and rotten fruit, otherwise it is difficult to control in special years. 5) The method of making dried dates is behind. For many years, jujube farmers have been using traditional drying methods such as natural drying and drying. These methods are primitively backward and the quality of dried dates cannot be guaranteed. In the event of bad weather, there is no way to do it.
Third, the prevention of jujube pulp rotten measures
Anti-cracking fruit, treatment of pests: spray 3-5 degrees of lime sulfur before germination. In the middle of June, streptomycin was sprayed once to prevent bacterial infestation. In the first half of July, late July and early August, a lime-folded Bordeaux mixture was sprayed once every half month to prevent diseases such as date rust, anthrax, ringworm, and fruit shrinkage.
To take the wrong seasonal drying method: In the harvesting season of jujube fruit, once it rains, the harvested jujube can be placed in a cold storage at 0°C, and the temperature will drop, and when the weather is fine, it will be aired again.
Anti-slurry treatment agent system dry method: Zhangzhou City Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology researchers developed a kind of "fruit fresh" red dates anti-slurry treatment agent, can effectively avoid pulp rotten. When using, put the appropriate amount of treatment agent into boiling water, put the jujube fruit into it, remove it after 5-10 seconds, and dry it, which can effectively avoid pulp rotting.
Facilities dry method: change the open air drying to air drying in the facility. Install multi-layer drying racks and ventilation and temperature-increasing equipment inside the facility to ensure that the jujube fruit is not affected by rain, sand, fog, etc. during the drying process. Bad environmental impact.
The joint system of dry methods: This method is the organic combination of the above three kinds of dry methods. The jujube fruit is processed first and then placed in a cold store, and then dried using the facility, dried, and dried again before being stored in a cold store. This is a feasible measure that is particularly conducive to industrialization and commercialization.
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