Check out those wonderful drug side effects

Each drug has potential side effects. In addition to common nausea, vomiting, and rash, some side effects are unexpected. Recently invited Neil Patel, an expert from the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of the United Kingdom, and Colin Kable, assistant to the chief scientist of the institute, for summing up some weird drug side effects.

Straight hair curls. The anti-epileptic drug Valproate is also often used as an emotional stabilizer for the treatment of bipolar disorder. It has a strange but harmless side effect of making straight hair into curly hair. There is a theory that this is because the drug will deplete the nutrients necessary for hair growth (such as zinc, copper, and magnesium, etc.), and after stopping the drug, the hair will gradually recover.

There is a metallic taste in your mouth. Change in taste is also referred to as taste inversion. Drugs that cause taste inversion include the commonly used antibiotic clarithromycin and the sleeping drug zopiclone. Patients often feel metallic in their mouths. Some people will always feel the taste, while others only taste metallic tastes while eating, and others may feel like blood or bitter taste. This may be related to medications that alter the formation of saliva, or that make the oral mucosa dry.

Keep yawning. Even if the patient does not feel tired, the drug chlorimidicin, which is used to treat depression, easily yawns. This reaction is related to the drug's influence on the amount of brain chemicals (e.g., serotonin) that elevate mood or changes in the time of its effect.

Urine discoloration. There are multiple drugs that cause changes in the color of the urine. For example, after taking vitamin C, the urine becomes orange easily, and the urine with plant laxative (senna) may turn pink.

Drugs change the color of the urine, usually because the way enzymes in the liver break down the drug changes the chemical structure of the drug.

In some cases, urine discoloration is due to the use of coloring agents. Viagra may turn urine blue because its film coating uses a unique dye. The drug triamterene used to treat fluid retention (such as kidney disease) can also cause similar consequences. Methylene blue for the treatment of urinary tract infections and hereditary anemia also turns urine blue.

Eyelashes thicken. Bimatoprost is a medicine for the treatment of glaucoma. Its common side effect is to make the eyelashes grow thicker and thicker. An unusual side effect is to darken the eyelashes. The reason for this is not clear, but the drug can increase the duration of eyelash growth. It may also cause blackening of the iris, redness, itching, and other side effects.

Continuous erection. Antipsychotics and antidepressants can disrupt sexual function-related neurological functions. Since the blood cannot flow from the blood vessels of the penis, the penis can be congested for several hours and accompanied by pain. This condition is medically referred to as abnormal penile erection and requires timely medical attention. If treatment is not available within 24 hours, permanent damage to the penis may occur and the patient will have difficulty erecting in the future.

Audition. Paracyclophane (a parasympathetic blocker) used to treat Parkinson's disease and methylphenidate to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can cause auditory hallucinations, which is a less common side effect. Another drug to treat depression, venlafaxine, may also cause auditory hallucinations.

Vision. Many drugs that cause auditory hallucinations also cause drug users to see things that do not exist. A report published in 2008 in the Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases showed that 12 patients had visual hallucinations after using antifungal agents (Voriconazole). Patients with high concentrations of these drugs in the body are more prone to visual hallucinations.

In addition, the drug digoxin, which is used to treat arrhythmia and heart failure, also disturbs vision because it interferes with the function of retinal cells.

Body twisted. Some drugs can cause the body to involuntarily distort, such as the head tilted to the side, this condition is also known as "Pisa Syndrome." Clozapine, which is used to treat schizophrenia, can cause physical distortions; body twists caused by antiemetic drugs, although rare, are rare. After stopping taking the appropriate drugs, these symptoms will subside.

Male lactation. Galactoria (abnormal milk secretion) affects men and women who are not breastfeeding. The drug haloperidol for the treatment of schizophrenia may cause this problem because the drug causes elevated prolactin levels in the body.