Although dairy cows have cold and heat-resistance habits, due to abnormally cold winters and dry climate, improper feeding and management, together with the lack of green fodder, can easily lead to decreased milk production and even affect normal growth and development. Summarizing the breeding experience for many years, the winter cows should do the following:
First, do a good job of keeping the cow house cold and warm, and properly adjust the humidity in the house
The temperature in the winter barn should generally be maintained at 8-17°C. Excessive temperatures can also cause side effects on cattle. When the temperature falls below 0°C during the night, the cows should be put into the shed overnight to avoid excessive consumption of frostbite or physical energy. When the cold air is invaded and the temperature suddenly drops, the rear window and the ventilation hole should be blocked in time, and the insulation of the housing should be done well. In particular, the perinatal cow, newborn yak, and high-yield cattle should be properly heated to ensure that the temperature of the cowhouse is around 15-17°C. In addition, cows should not spend more than 6 hours during the day in the stadium. It is best to have 3 hours of activity in the morning and afternoon.
After the cows enter the house, care should be taken to ensure that the cowhouse is well ventilated and the humidity is not too high. The relative humidity should not exceed 55%. Over-conference will have a strong external stimulus to cows and affect their milk production. In severe cases, they will also be infected with some fungal diseases. At the same time, it is necessary to remove urine in time and keep the house clean and dry.
Second, feed should be diversified.
After entering the winter, cows are vulnerable to changes in the ambient temperature, so feed ratios should be adjusted in time to diversify. In the supply of concentrate feed, the protein feed will not change, and the supply of corn will increase by 20% to 50%, thus increasing the proportion of energy feed; in the aspect of roughage, it is best to feed silage, micro-microbial feed or brewer's grains, etc. This replaces the green and juicy feedstuffs consumed by cows in summer and autumn.
The cold days are long and short, not only feeding well during the day, but also feeding a slot at night and feeding 13-15 kilograms of grass every day. Forage grass should be diversified, such as wheat straw, straw and hay, peanut pods, valerian, etc., so that nutrition is comprehensive.
Third, drinking warm water
In winter, tap water and well water are prone to freezing, and cows often suffer from indigestion after drinking, which induces digestive diseases. Therefore, when drinking cows, it is best to heat the water to 15-25°C. If add salt and soy bean foam to warm water, it will not only enhance the drinking of the cow, but also have the effect of reducing fire and inflammation.
Four, fine materials and coincidence, appropriate amount of trace elements and urea
When feeding fine materials, it should be mixed with soft and hard materials, such as corn, soybeans and other hard materials and bran, powder and other soft materials when feeding. Begin to feed the grass first, eat most of the time when it is full, add more material when it is full, and add scented ingredients.
In winter, the cow's forage composition is relatively simple, and appropriate amounts of calcium and phosphorus can be added to its feed. Generally, 5-15 grams can be fed every day. Urea is an effective measure of protein supplementation and can be fed on a diet. Generally, calves aged over 6 months are fed 30-50 grams daily, young cattle are fed 70-90 grams daily, and adult cows are fed about 150 grams on a daily basis. However, urea is poor in palatability, and it can be mixed with 1% of the concentrate and fed with grass. It is not advisable to drink water within half an hour after feeding.
Fifth, carefully grasp the breeding
Dairy cows are usually "summer with spring, winter with autumn", winter mating pregnant, can avoid hot summer calving, and help dairy cows get high yield. Therefore, we should seize the golden opportunity in the winter, do a good job in breeding, increase the rate of quaternization, and lay a good foundation for the successful birth and healthy growth of the new calves.
VI. Keeping the cow's body surface clean and doing a good job of prevention
Pull the cow out of the sun every day. Pay attention to brushing the body of the cow to not only keep the body surface clean, but also to promote skin blood circulation and metabolism, prevent scabs, help regulate body temperature and enhance disease resistance. Therefore, brush twice a day, morning and evening, 3-6 minutes each time, you must thoroughly brush all parts of the body, not omissions. In addition, the excrement in the barn should be cleaned frequently, and the grass should be shredded and soiled to prevent the disease. It is necessary to regularly disinfect cowsheds and sports grounds and vaccinate them in accordance with the epidemic prevention procedures. Early treatment of the disease is found to ensure the health of dairy cows and ensure prolific milk production.
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