Since different types of oxides have a certain electrical property to physical quantities such as light, electricity, magnetism, force sound, gas, temperature, humidity, etc., these materials are often used as structural ceramics and various electronic functional ceramics. For oxide nanomaterials, due to their surface effects, quantum size effects, small size effects, and macroscopic quantum tunneling effects, they exhibit properties that are not possessed by conventional materials, and thus are toughened in ceramics, magnetic materials, catalytic materials, and opticals. Materials and other aspects have a very broad application prospect.
First, ceramic toughening
Nano-ceramic means that the grain, grain boundary and the combination of them in the microstructure of the ceramic material are at the nano level, and the number of grain boundaries of the nano-ceramic grain is greatly increased, which can make the strength and toughness of the material and The superplasticity is greatly improved and has an important influence on the electrical, thermal, optical and magnetic properties of the material. The high toughness of nano-ceramics can solve the existence of the image of ordinary ceramic "fragile".
Second, the magnetic properties
Due to its small size, magnetic nanomaterials have a single magnetic domain structure and high coercivity, magnetic recording materials made of it can improve signal-to-noise ratio and improve image quality.
Third, catalytic performance
Due to the small size, the surface fraction of the nanoparticles is large, the valence and electronic states of the surface are different from the interior of the particles, and the surface atomic coordination is incomplete, which leads to an increase in the active position of the surface, which makes it have the basic conditions as a catalyst. . Moreover, as the particle size decreases, the smoothness of the surface of the nanoparticle becomes poor, and an uneven atomic step is formed, which increases the contact surface of the chemical reaction.
Fourth, optical properties
Nanoparticles have optical properties that are not available with conventional bulk materials due to the small size effect. Studies have shown that various optical materials prepared by using the special optical properties of nanoparticles have been widely used in daily life and high-tech fields. Such as excellent light absorbing materials, infrared absorbing materials and stealth materials.
V. Other properties
Due to its large specific surface area and high surface activity, the nanoparticles have strong interaction with gases and are sensitive to the surrounding environment. For example, it is sensitive to environments such as gas, humidity, etc., and thus can be used as various sensors. There are also nano-coatings such as crystal processing and electrostatic shielding properties.
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