After the apple tree has fallen from flowering to bagging, it is a key stage to improve fruit quality, control pests and diseases, and increase production and income. Therefore, it is very important to do a good job in the management of this period. Specifically, the main work has the following aspects:
The first is to complete the quantitative retention. Early fruit thinning and leaving reserve branches are a technical measure to save nutrition and increase fruit, which is also of great significance for years of high yield. Generally, the work is completed within 30 days after flowering, and the fruit of the tip, the fruit on the back, the fruit, the fruit, the deformed fruit, the frosted fruit, the side fruit, etc. are removed, leaving the appearance correct and disease-free. Fruit, the amount of fruit left in each tree is 200-400, and the fruit spacing is 20-25 cm.
The second is to seize three favorable opportunities to control pests and diseases. After the apple tree has fallen, with the increase of temperature, various pests and diseases have begun to occur or some pests and diseases may occur in a large area. Three doses of the drug before the bagging can reduce the base of the pests and diseases.
For the first time, the pesticide should be sprayed once every 7 to 10 days after spraying, and the insecticide and fungicide should be sprayed once, mainly to control leaf mites, aphids, leaf roller moths and early defoliation diseases, ring rot disease, anthracnose diseases and other pests. When selecting the fungicide, it should be based on the pre-flowering condition. If the germination period and the inflorescence separation period have been sprayed with the fungicide and the effect is good, the drug should be based on the protective agent, such as Xinwansheng and agricultural resistance. 120, etc.; if the germination period and the inflorescence separation period are not sprayed with fungicides or the effect is poor, this time it is necessary to spray systemic therapeutic drugs, such as iprodione, boron fruit treasure, boron calcium treasure, etc.; Insecticides can be selected from the "Knife" avermectin and so on.
The second medication is on the 10th to 15th day after the first administration, mainly to control aphids, red spiders, Conifer powder, apple leaf curler, cotton bollworm, golden moth, ring disease, spotted leaf disease, Brown spot, powdery mildew and other pests and diseases. Optional multi-antimycin, Xinhao, etc., the pesticide and fungicide are used interchangeably when using this medicine.
The third time is to use the medicine before bagging, mainly to control pests such as P. sinensis, aphids, leaf moths, golden moths, leafhoppers, black spots, anthracnose and other diseases. On the day of bagging or the day before, spray a protective agent plus a systemic therapeutic agent and insecticide, such as Wansheng, Guotuo, Jiawei Salt, Shiyue, etc.
At the same time, special attention should be paid during the administration: the agent used should have high dispersion, good suspension, good miscibility, low irritation, and can not contain heavy metal ions to prevent fruit rust. Use inferior pesticides; mix pesticides should be scientific; spray medicine should be meticulous and thoughtful, atomization is good, so as not to cause phytotoxicity, affecting the smooth surface of fruit.
The third is to implement grass between the orchards. It is recommended that conditional orchards can be used to grow grass between orchards. After the grass grows tall, the grass is covered with a thickness of 15-20 cm, and the amount of grass is 1000-1500 kg. It can effectively increase the organic matter content in the orchard soil and prevent orchard soil and water. Loss, enriching the orchard insect population, can also eliminate cultivating and weeding, saving labor.
The fourth is to scientifically chase water and fertilizer to ensure fruit tree nutrition. After flowering is the vigorous period of fruit cell division, and the conditions of fertilizer and water are essential for affecting fruit size and fruit shape. If the base fertilizer is insufficient, the orchard that has not been chased by spring fertilizer should be fertilized in time to enhance the tree potential. The topdressing is based on the fourth element of Stanley (20-5-23) NPK fertilizer, with Jiaguo fruit worry-free bio-organic fertilizer, Baononghai calcium The combination of Wang soil improved fertilizer can also be used as “Kie Ge†high-concentration yellow humic acid liquid fertilizer, high-dimensional dew pure potassium fertilizer or “Hui Shi†series of water-soluble fertilizers, biogas slurry, etc. In this period, in case of drought, water should be watered in time to ensure soil moisture.
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Roughness Measuring Instrument
Roughness meter, also known as surface roughness meter, surface smoothness meter, surface roughness tester, roughness measurement meter, roughness tester, and other names. It has the characteristics of high measurement accuracy, wide measurement range, easy operation, portability, and stable operation. It can be widely used for the detection of various metal and non-metal processing surfaces. This instrument is a pocket instrument that integrates sensors and hosts, with handheld characteristics, making it more suitable for use in production sites. The exterior design is sturdy and durable, with significant resistance to electromagnetic interference, in line with current design trends.
The application fields of roughness meters include:
1. Mechanical processing and manufacturing industry, mainly metal processing and manufacturing. Roughness meters were originally developed to detect the surface roughness of machined parts. Especially, stylus type roughness measuring instruments are more suitable for detecting hard metal surfaces. For example, the automotive parts processing and manufacturing industry, the mechanical parts processing and manufacturing industry, and so on. As long as these processing and manufacturing industries involve the surface quality of workpieces, the detection application of roughness meters is essential.
2. In the non-metallic processing and manufacturing industry, with the progress and development of technology, more and more new materials are applied to processing processes, such as ceramics, plastics, polyethylene, etc. Some bearings are now made of special ceramic materials, and pump valves are made of polyethylene materials. These materials have a hard texture, and some applications can replace metal materials to make workpieces. During production and processing, their surface roughness also needs to be tested.
3. With the continuous strengthening and improvement of the technology and functions of roughness meters, as well as their in-depth promotion and application, more and more industries have been found to require roughness detection. In addition to mechanical processing and manufacturing, roughness evaluation is also required in the production and processing of power, communication, electronics, such as couplings on switches, integrated circuit semiconductors, and even stationery, tableware, and other products used in people's daily lives The surface roughness of human teeth needs to be tested.
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