Scientists use pig cells to grow artificial lungs without risk of organ rejection

Scientists use pig cells to grow artificial lungs without risk of organ rejection

August 6, 2018 Source: Sina Technology Author: Ye Allure

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Scientists at the University of Texas Medical Center use a complex array of instruments to grow pig lungs, which are grown from recipient cells.

Scientists use a complex array of instruments in the laboratory to use each recipient's own cells and nutrients to cleanse and nurture new lung organs.

Beijing time on August 6th news, according to foreign media reports, the United States is currently close to 1,500 patients waiting for lung organ transplantation. However, donors provide insufficient amounts of lung organs and it is dangerous to prevent the body from rejecting new organs by inhibiting the recipient's immune system. Laboratory-grown lung organs will bring hope to patients in urgent need of lung organ transplants, which are grown using the recipient's own cells, and recent experiments have shown that artificial lung organs can be transplanted into the pig's body.

Bio-modified lungs can be grown from the patient's own cells, so patients don't have to rely on medication to suppress their immune cells. But scientists have often failed in animal laboratories because blood and oxygen do not flow properly to transplanted organs. Scientists at the University of Texas Medical Center in Galveston, USA, use new methods to ensure a perfect match between bio-modified pig lungs and the ability to grow their own circulatory system. Each lung organ can continue to grow after transplantation, and complete functionality can be achieved in about two months.

A new study shows that scientists have used pig cells to grow pig lungs in the laboratory. When they transplanted bio-modified lungs, they were completely filled with oxygen and could continue to develop their own blood vessels, which is a critical step.

Lung organ transplants can save the lives of thousands of patients every year, but the lungs needed by patients are far from enough, and most patients will die while waiting for donation of organs. Bio-modified lung organs can be based on the patient's own cell culture so that they do not have to take drugs to suppress immune cells, but in animal experiments, these lung organ transplants usually fail because blood and oxygen do not flow to them properly.

Currently, scientists at the University of Texas Medical Center have now nurtured and transplanted four pig lungs that can grow their own blood vessels after transplantation. It is reported that 1,455 patients currently indicate that they are waiting for donation of organs on the "Organization of Organ Sharing" (UNOS).

Even patients who are on the "organ sharing list" are very difficult to get a new lung or a pair of lungs, and transplant surgery is not guaranteed. Patients waiting for a new lung transplant are already very ill, so taking immunosuppressive drugs to prevent their bodies from rejecting new lungs is a huge risk. In addition, the donor's lungs must be modified to accommodate organ receptors. But one of the main advantages of donor lung organs is that they are equipped with operable blood vessels, and the surgeon must carefully reattach the blood vessels when transplanting organs.

Dr. Joaquin Cortiella, co-author of the study, said: "The number of people with severe lung damage is increasing worldwide, and the number of transplantable organs is in short supply. Our ultimate goal is to Many patients awaiting transplantation offer new options. "Although the advancement of science and technology in recent years has enabled scientists to use the patient cells in the laboratory to grow organ tissue, including the lungs, to ensure perfect matching, science and technology have been Try to imitate the extremely complex and delicate vascular tissue of the lungs. When these bio-modified lung organs are transplanted into the body of small animals, they often fail for these reasons. At present, the research team at the University of Texas may eventually find a way to make weak blood vessels develop and function in the recipient.

To do this, they used pig lung cells to make a scaffold, or a basic shape frame, and then used the cells of four pigs to create a perfectly matched lung organ. An organ scaffold is critical for constructing a new lung organ with all components, and is most effective when it is composed only of lung proteins.

But if the transplanted organ has any traces from other animals, the new organ will no longer be a perfect match for the receptor and may be rejected. As a result, scientists cleaned up the scaffolding cells and washed them with a mixture of sugar and detergent, leaving only the protein, a process called decellularization. They then placed the scaffolding in a container, "mixed" the recipient's cells and nutrients, and carefully followed the tissue structure of the pig's lungs for cleaning. They carefully observed for 30 days and carefully observed the growth of each pig's lungs. Eventually, these pig lungs will be ready for transplantation, and scientists have seen valid evidence from their lungs that confirm their unique formula.

The secret of newly bred pig lungs is that they continue to grow after transplantation, allowing the new vascular network to continue to spread in the lungs. Two weeks after the transplant, scientists discovered that their implanted "vascular seeds" can grow into a powerful network of blood vessels that transport blood to the lungs.

They observed the condition of the pigs 10 hours, two weeks, one month, and two months after the transplant operation, and found that the organs cultivated in the laboratory functioned very well and seemed to continue to improve. Dr. Cotra and co-author Dr. Joan Nichols said that we did not see pulmonary edema, which is usually a sign of immature vascular system. Bio-modified lung organ transplants will continue to grow, without any growth factor, and the body can provide all the building blocks needed for new lung organs.

The new lung organs are fully saturated with oxygen, although they cannot fully test this because each pig still has a primitive lung organ, and even after two months, the new bio-modified lungs are still immature enough to perfectly match other lung organs. The function. Nichols and Ketra said: "We have spent a lot of thought, and it took 15 years of research time to get to this point. Our research team made a very small budget and made a professionalism. Unbelievable things."

They even believe that pig lungs, similar to the latest research, can be used for human transplant organ research in the next 5-10 years based on appropriate funding. However, this method requires more pig experiments to verify that it takes longer to survive and longer monitoring time to confirm the true feasibility of the lung organs. (叶倾城)

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