Tomatoes are one of the common fruit and vegetable varieties in our life. In recent years, the planting area has gradually expanded. However, the traditional soil-planted tomatoes have low production efficiency, small fruits and poor taste. Therefore, soilless cultivation techniques have been vigorously promoted. It is necessary to know that tomatoes grown in soilless soil have good taste, large fruit, high production efficiency and good economic benefits, which have reduced unnecessary economic losses for the majority of vegetable farmers. Today, Xiaobian talks about the new technology of tomato soilless cultivation.
1 variety selection
Choose an excellent variety that has certain resistance to pests and diseases, high yield, large fruit, storage resistance and good taste.
2 Facility conditions
The conditions of soilless cultivation facilities mainly include cultivation tanks, irrigation facilities, and the like.
2.1 Cultivation trough
The inner groove is 50-60cm wide and the groove height is 25-30cm. The cultivation length depends on the actual situation. The gap between the two cultivation tanks is 60-80cm. The bottom of the cultivation tank should be drained to prevent leakage of nutrient solution. After the construction is completed, a layer of plastic film is laid on the plastic film and a layer of river sand is laid on the plastic film. The cultivation substrate is then poured onto a woven bag.
2.2 Irrigation facilities
Each 3-5 cultivation tanks need to be equipped with one reservoir, which is beneficial for timely replenishment. The bottom of the reservoir is higher than the cultivation tank by more than 1m, which is conducive to maintaining sufficient water level difference and saving water.
2.3 Preparation of cultivation substrate
The cultivation substrate is mainly composed of organic matter, such as pulverized straw, sawdust (40%), organic fertilizer (40%), etc., and is mixed with slag (20%), and then 5 kg per ton of cultivation substrate is added. The soil is cultivated with special fertilizer for tomatoes. After mixing evenly, it is covered with plastic film for sterilization and disinfection. After half a month, it can be filled into the cultivation tank.
3 soilless nursery
3.1 soaking seeds and germination
Soaking seeds: soak seeds in 1% potassium permanganate solution or 1% baking soda solution for 30 minutes, then rinse off with water and rinse off;
Germination: Put the moist seeds into a plastic bag and put them into a 30-degree environment for germination. When more than 70% of the seeds are whitish, they can be planted.
3.2 Seeding and seedling
Before planting, the substrate should be configured. The main components of the substrate are 3: 1 peat and bee + compound fertilizer made from sterilized chicken manure and bee stone + chicken manure 5.0 kg/m2, bee stone 0.5 kg/m2, and these are evenly mixed. That's it;
Fill the configured substrate into a 72-well blister tray, place 1 capsule in each well and cover 1 cm thick bee stone. Place a plastic film under the plastic suction cup to separate it from the soil.
The temperature before emergence should be kept within the range of 20-30 degrees, the daytime temperature is 20-25 degrees, and the nighttime temperature is 10-15 degrees. When the seedlings grow three or four true leaves in about 30 days, they can be colonized.
4 colonization
Before the planting, the substrate in the cultivation tank is flattened, and then the cultivation tank is filled with water to fully absorb the water in the tank;
Dig a hole in the matrix in the tank, dig 2 rows per tank, the row spacing is about 30 cm, and planting 3 000 to 3 500 plants per mu. After the seedlings are planted, a small amount of water is needed to keep the roots of the seedlings moist.
5 Cultivation management
5.1 Fertilizer and water management
20 days after planting, start topdressing, then chase every 10 days, each time chasing special fertilizer 10-15 g per plant;
After the result, the fertilizer was chased every 7 days, and each time the special fertilizer was 25g per plant;
Water is poured once every 5 days after planting.
5.2 Temperature and lighting
After planting: the daytime temperature is 22 to 25 °C, and the nighttime is 10 to 15 °C;
After fruit setting: the daytime temperature is 25 to 28 °C, and the nighttime is about 12 °C.
5.3 hanging vines and pruning
When the six-seven leaves are hanged with polypropylene plastic rope, the upper part of the rope is fixed on the wire of the scaffolding, and the lower part is attached to the stem base;
When the pruning is carried out, only the results of the spindle growth are retained, and the lateral branches in all the leaf axils are removed, and the right branches are 10 to 15 cm.
5.4 Preservation of fruit and fruit
At 7-9 in the morning, using 10% to 15% of 2,4-D solution to smear flowers is conducive to increasing the fruit setting rate. At the same time, it can also retain three or four fruits per plant, and the remaining flowers are timely removed.
The automatic biochemical analyzer is an instrument that measures a specific chemical composition in body fluids according to the principle of photoelectric colorimetry. Due to its fast measurement speed, high accuracy and small consumption of reagents, it has been widely used in hospitals, epidemic prevention stations and family planning service stations at all levels. The combined use can greatly improve the efficiency and benefits of routine biochemical testing.
principle
The automatic analyzer is to automatically run all or part of the steps of sampling, mixing, warm bath (37°C) detection, result calculation, judgment, display and printing results and cleaning in the original manual operation process. Today, biochemical tests are basically automated analysis, and there are fully automatic biochemical analysis systems designed for large or very large clinical laboratories and commercial laboratories, which can be arbitrarily configured according to the laboratory's testing volume.
Whether it is the fastest-running (9600Test/h) modular fully automatic biochemical analyzer today, or the original manual-operated photoelectric colorimeter for colorimetry, the principle is the use of absorption spectroscopy in spectroscopic technology. It is the most basic core of the biochemical instrument.
Optical system: is a key part of ACA. Older ACA systems used halogen tungsten lamps, lenses, color filters, and photocell assemblies. The optical part of the new ACA system has been greatly improved. ACA's beam splitting system can be divided into front splitting and rear splitting due to different light positions. The advanced optical components use a set of lenses between the light source and the cuvette to convert the original light source. The light projected by the lamp passes through the cuvette to bring the beam to the speed of light (unlike traditional wedge beams), so that the spot beam can pass through even the smallest cuvette. Compared with traditional methods, it can save reagent consumption by 40-60%. After the spot beam passes through the cuvette, the spot beam is restored to the original beam through this group of restoration lenses (wide difference correction system), and is divided into several fixed wavelengths (about 10 or more wavelengths) by the grating. The optical/digital signal direct conversion technology is used to directly convert the optical signal in the optical path into a digital signal. It completely eliminates the interference of electromagnetic waves to the signal and the attenuation in the process of signal transmission. At the same time, the optical fiber is used in the signal transmission process, so that the signal can achieve no attenuation, and the test accuracy is improved by nearly 100 times. The closed combination of the optical path system makes the optical path without any maintenance, and the light splitting is accurate and the service life is long.
Constant temperature system: Since the temperature of the biochemical reaction has a great influence on the reaction results, the sensitivity and accuracy of the constant temperature system directly affect the measurement results. The early biochemical instruments used the method of air bath, and later developed into a dry bath with constant temperature liquid circulation which combines the advantages of dry air bath and water bath. The principle is to design a constant temperature tank around the cuvette, and add a stable constant temperature liquid that is odorless, non-polluting, non-evaporating and non-deteriorating in the tank. The constant temperature liquid has a large capacity, good thermal stability and uniformity. The cuvette does not directly contact the constant temperature liquid, which overcomes the characteristics of the water bath type constant temperature being susceptible to pollution and the uneven and unstable air bath.
Sample reaction stirring technology and probe technology: The traditional reaction stirring technology adopts magnetic bead type and vortex stirring type. The current popular stirring technology is a stirring unit composed of multiple groups of stirring rods that imitate the manual cleaning process. When the first group of stirring rods is stirring the sample/reagent or mixed solution, the second group of stirring rods performs high-speed and high-efficiency cleaning at the same time. The set of stirring bars also undergoes a warm water washing and air drying process at the same time. In the design of a single stirring rod, a new type of spiral high-speed rotating stirring is adopted, and the rotation direction is opposite to the spiral direction, thereby increasing the stirring force, the stirred liquid does not foam, and reducing the scattering of light by microbubbles. Reagent and sample probes are based on the principle of early capacitive sensing, but slightly improved to increase the alarm of blood clots and protein clots, and re-test results according to the alarm level, reducing sample aspiration errors and improving the reliability of test results. . Large-scale biochemical instruments can detect more than 1,000 tests per hour, so automatic retesting is very important. Subjective evaluation of test results and manual retesting can no longer meet clinical needs.
Other aspects: barcode recognition of reagents and samples and computer login. Due to the lack of barcode recognition function of early biochemical instruments, there are more opportunities for errors. In recent years, both imported and domestic chemical instruments have adopted barcode detection. The use of this technology in biochemical instruments has provided technical support for the development of high-speed ACA, and also made the instrument quite supportive. The software development is simple and easy, therefore, barcode detection is the basis for the intelligence of the instrument. Open reagents, as an important factor for hospitals to choose models, whether the instrument supports open reagents is very important. After the reagents are opened, hospitals and scientific research units can choose their own reagent suppliers, and have a greater degree of freedom in measuring the price, the reliability of the test results, and the validity period of the reagents. Ion Selective Electrode Analysis Accessory (ISE), human serum and urine electrolyte indicators are very important, and hospitals can save money by adding ISE to the ACA system.
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