Taipai fish farming is a natural advantage for farmers in mountainous areas of Guangdong Province to use local rich, high-quality, non-polluting water resources and sufficient grass resources. The excavation area in front of the village, behind the house, and at the creek is very small (usually only 10 square meters~ The 20m2) pond carries out the mode of running fish, it has the advantages of small investment, small footprint, and environmental protection. It requires the surrounding environment to be beautiful, the water source is abundant and the gap is large (about 1.0m), and the grass source is sufficient, mainly Restocking large-scale (0.25kg or more) grass carp and carp, mainly for 1 year, only feeding grass and farm stems and leaves, implementing Chinese herbal medicine to prevent fish diseases without feeding any artificial compound feed and antibiotics, Therefore, the aquatic products it produces are veritable green foods. The following is a brief introduction of the technology of farming fish in mountainous areas. It is for reference by farmers. 1. Taipa is built in mountainous areas where conditions permit, and the land is emptied by low-lying land, roadside, channel, or house, or abandoned. The excavation area is 10m2 to 20m2, and the depth is 1.5m. About 1.0m) of small fish ponds, surrounded by stones, triaxial soil, etc., are built into a pond base (can be grown on the pond base), and a shed of 3 to 5 square meters is placed above the surface of the fish ponds. In summer days, the shade is reduced. The water inlet of Taipai uses a bamboo tube or a water pipe to introduce the high spring water of the mountain into a large rock in the middle of the mountain, splashing the spring water around to increase the dissolved oxygen content in the water; the water outlet of the clay pot is located at the inlet. The point of symmetry makes the Taipai form a flowing water environment; the entry and exit of the Taipa require a block. Second, pottery disinfecting If it is a new mandarin duck, 5kg ~ 10kg quicklime can be sprayed on the whole pond for thorough disinfection. If it is a year-round fish culture, you can drain the pool water, remove excess silt, and then spray the whole pool with 5kg to 10kg of quicklime. Expose it for 1 month and wait. Third, the stocking of fish 1. Restocking time Acacia aquaculture more round-fishing rotation, according to the characteristics of the mountain climate, the first time of stocking is generally the most appropriate in April to May. 2. Pre-stocking preparations 7 days before the fishes are planted in the pool, each oysters are sterilized with 1.5kg to 2.5kg of quicklime and watered in the whole pond and filled with pool water. When stocking, 3% saline solution is used to soak fish species. 5 minutes. When the grass carp fry is stocked, it must be injected with a “three-disease†vaccine for hemorrhagic disease and grass carp for immunity prevention. 3. Stocking species, quality, specifications, and density Den handicraft fish farming is mainly based on grass carp, with stocking triangles, oysters, oysters, oysters, etc. When stocking, large-sized fingerlings of the same size, robust, lively, and free from injury and injury should be selected. Grass carp requires a body length of 10 cm or more. The stocking density of grass carp is 10 to 20/sq.m., the stocking density for triangular larvae is 3/sq.m. to 5/sq.m., and the stocking densities of other species are 5 to 8 larvae. IV. Aquaculture Management 1. Water Regulation Adjust the flow of aquaculture water according to season and fish size. When the temperature is high, the larger the individual fish, the greater the flow of water. Generally, in the spring, early summer, late autumn and winter seasons, when the water temperature is low, the whole pool is changed from water for about 2 hours to 3 hours; on hot days, when the fish grows fast, the appetite is high, and the water temperature is high, about 0.5. Hours - 1 hour change the water in the whole pool. 2. Feed The feed is mainly based on natural green feed. When the fish body is small, some young grasses or lindens are fed. When the fish body is large, some weeds, leaves, leaves, cassava leaves, sweet potatoes, cassava, rice bran and the like can be added. When fed twice a day, the amount of green feed was 30% of the total weight of the grass carp; when the grass carp was intensively fed, it reached the standard of 0.5 kg of grass/1.0 kg of fish. Before feeding the feed, the residue left over from the previous feeding should be cleaned up, and if there are too many leftovers, the feeding amount should be reduced. 3.Tsing Pond Qingchi pays attention to the change of pool water, fish activity, weather conditions, etc., and pays attention to flood control and control of the flow of aquaculture water when it rains heavily. It clears the debris from the inflow and outfall, and removes the leftover grass every day. Clear the pool once every 15 days, remove dirt from the bottom of the pool, and disinfect fish and water with disinfectant. V. Disease prevention and control Because of the small body of water in the fish culture of the giant oyster aphid, the high density of the culture, and the fact that it is aquaculture, once fish diseases occur in farmed fish, the infection is fast and mortality is high. Disease prevention and control should follow the principle of “prevention first and prevention and control combined.†1. Preventive measures First, immunity and disease prevention, that is, inoculation of grass carp gill, red bark, enteritis, and hemorrhagic disease vaccine when fish species are stocked, 0.2 injection per tail mL, implementation of biological disease prevention; Second, regularly sprinkle Chinese herbal medicine. 2. Prevention and treatment of common diseases 1 Causal agent of grass carp hemorrhage is grass carp reovirus, which mainly damages the species of grass carp and herring. It prevails when the water temperature is above 25°C, and the body surface, muscle or internal organs of sick fish are different. Spotted flaky hemorrhage occurred in all cases. In severe cases, the muscles were all red, hemorrhoids were bleeding or pale, sometimes there was ascites, there was no food in the intestine, congestion, erosion, and prevention methods were: On the one hand, grass carp was injected with grass carp hemorrhagic disease vaccine; On the one hand, Chinese herbal medicines are regularly dipped. Each oysters are treated with 0.5kg of jasmine, 0.5kg of pomelo leaves, and 0.5kg of prunus cervis, once every month during the peak of onset. Generally, they are applied once every 2 months. Treatment methods include: feeding "three yellow powder" baits, 50g per fish body with rhubarb 125g, Phellodendron 75g, Astragalus 50g into powder, then add salt 0.25kg, stir with water and mix into flour 1.0kg, wheat bran 4.5 Kg, peanut cake 1.5kg made of pharmacology better bait for feeding for 7 days. Or each oyster with skunk jasmine 0.5kg, grapefruit leaves 0.2kg, ebony 0.25kg mash, squeeze out the juice and add potassium permanganate 1g whole pool spray. 2 The pathogen of enteritis is Aeromonas hydrophila. It mainly damages grass carp and bluefish. It is popular from March to October. The diseased fish body gradually darkens to black in the early stage of disease, and it travels slowly and slowly. The abdomen enlarges, the scales easily fall off, the anus and intestinal congestion are red and swollen, and light pressure on the abdomen has yellow mucus or pus outflow. 3 The pathogen of erythrodermic disease is Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria. It mainly damages the grass carp and herring. It can be seen all year round. The affected fish body surface shows local or most bleeding, the base of the fins is congested, and the tip of the silkworm is rotted. 4 Pathogens of gill rot disease are Cylindrochelus parahaemolyticus, mainly damaging herring and grass carp, lice, cockroaches, cockroaches, cockroaches and others also have infections, which are seen all year round. They are prevalent from April to November, and June and September are the peaks of onset. Diseased fish body color black, breathing difficulties, increased mucus in the ankle and attached dirt, cocoon swelling, severe cocoon rot, cartilage exposed, the lid inside the surface of the skin rot forming a "open skylight." The above three kinds of fish diseases are often concurrent, and the harm to grass carp is extremely serious. Therefore, comprehensive prevention and control can achieve better results. Prevention methods include: Inoculation of fish species, red peony, gill rot, and enteritis three-disease vaccine. During the onset season, each clam can be used to hang 0.5kg tea bran on the inlet of the Taipai or bind 1kg to 2kg of fresh eucalyptus leaves, cloves, and ramie stems and leaves in bundles, and hung in the water inlet of the clam; or each clam. Use fresh Tripterygium root 50g Jianzhi, add 50g salt water and mix well and spray the entire pond. Treatment methods include: Each oyster with 0.25kg gall nutritious water 2kg ~ 3kg boiled, smashed gall and then boiled for 15 minutes, divided into 3 times the whole pool sprinkled, once a day, once every 3 days. Or each oyster with dry ground medlar, water spines wolfberry each 0.5kg, add water 2kg ~ 3kg after boiling for 2 hours, mixed bait and feed for 3 days. Or each mandarin duck with fresh pine leaves 1kg crushed and sprinkled with water, use 3 days to 5 days. Or each pot with 0.5kg basil sauce, add 1 small bottle of water with 10 drops of bait. (Xinyi City, Guangdong Province, freshwater aquaculture technology promotion station in Maoming City, Guangdong Fisheries Research Institute)
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