I. Living habits and education
Abalone is a bactrian animal that lives on a rocky coast, has a deep water flow, and has algae-enclosed shallow sea areas. Seabed rock reefs are often used as perches. They use their feet to rest on rocky reefs. They lie on their nights and feed on the surrounding algae. They grow slowly and grow about 2 cm a year under natural conditions. Since it has these characteristics, it should be solved first after the artificial breeding. Farming methods: cages for cages and net cages for marine pontoons; aquaculture for intertidal zone pools; industrial aquaculture for land-based ponds and multi-layered tanks. The indoor deep tank plastic cage culture technology is introduced as follows.
Second, the choice of natural conditions
Water and land transportation are required, water flow in the sea area is smooth, and the sea rises to a half-day tide. The average annual salinity is 31.5%, the PH is 8.0-8.22, and the water temperature is 10-29°C.
III. The main facilities of Baochi
1. Nursery ponds and rearing pools: 38 in 181m; 20 in 281m; and 12 in 461.2m.
2. Sedimentation tank: There are 2 ports of 500 tons and 150 square meters of sand filter tank. There are 5 8-inch pump pipes under each pool.
3. There are 3 sets of 7.5 kW blowers, 2 sets of water pumps, and 7 sets of 12HP diesel engines.
4, gas, water supply facilities.
5, prepare more than 10,000 Bao Cage, with another Bao Miao film more than 10,000 pieces.
6, develop technology
The method of quoting abalone in Taiwan was adopted, namely, indoor deep-water plastic cage breeding. The culture is carried out by overlapping 5-6 layers of black plastic cages in order to achieve full three-dimensional utilization and form an intensive culture of high density, air and water flow.
The advantage of breeding with black plastic cages is that the cost of infrastructure is low, and the yield per unit area of ​​abalone is high. However, there are certain difficulties in the day-to-day management of this farming method. Especially in the absence of live algae in summer and autumn, poor water quality will result in serious water pollution.
The nursery uses 0.50.5 Miaomiao white tablets combined with plastic film for scientific picking.
Fourth, scientific management
1. Put a seedling density of 403,213 cm in each cage, place 25-50 seedlings, and place 435-700 seedlings per square meter. The stocking density is related to the growth rate and yield per area of ​​the abalone body. Too dense will affect the growth rate and survival rate; too thin although the growth rate is fast, but the cost is high and the yield is low.
2. Control light Abalone is a single-shelled shellfish that does not like light. Therefore, it is better to grasp the appropriate weak light. According to its warm-up characteristics, it uses a 2-layer black net for shading, and the light intensity is controlled at 200-300 lx.
3, change the water in the pool in summer, the daily flow of water for the total body of water 4-5 times; autumn, winter, daily water volume is 3 times. In spring and summer, the pool is poured every 3 days, and the pool is cleared once; in autumn and winter, the pool is poured every 5 days, and the pool is cleared once. Each time the water is changed, the bottom of the pool, the wall of the tank, and the cage are cleaned to completely remove residual baits and excrement. It is better to take a quick course of action and minimize drying time. The seedlings are poured once every 5 days, and the water flow rate is kept 2-3 times.
4. Monitoring Water Quality To ensure water quality, clean the pool 3-5 days. In the process of abalone cultivation, precipitation and filtration must be strictly controlled in terms of water use. Test at least 2 times a day, record the water environment factor, and measure the body length every 15 days.
5, feeding baits should be fresh seaweed as the staple food, especially fond of fresh, leafy, fresh seaweed, such as kelp, wakame, asparagus, goose palmate, seaweed and sarcophagus. The daily feeding amount was 10%-15% of the abalone weight. In addition, other seaweeds are also ingested, such as Ginger, Sargassum, etc., as well as dry seaweeds and artificial diets. Different seaweed alternatives can be used when conditions permit.
Abalone has different selectivity, feeding rate and bait efficiency for different seaweeds. The seaweed's bait efficiency is generally 10-15:1. It takes 10-20 tons of fresh seaweed to breed 1 ton of abalone. However, when it is actually fed, there is a certain loss. Therefore, the amount of food used is about 1 times higher than the above amount.
In feeding the bait, Bao first pressed the algae with a huge foot, then extended the snout and scratched the surface with a tooth tongue. One night's food intake can be up to 30% of body weight. It can eat 2-3 times a night out of the nest and it takes 5-6 hours to digest the algae. Bao's ability to fight hunger is strong, and he neither eats nor dies for 2-3 months in winter. When the water temperature is low, the fresh algae can be used for 1 to 5 days. However, the amount of seaweed used in a small container should not be excessive to prevent oxygen deficiency caused by inflating the cage or affect the excessive mucus on the surface of the kelp. Water quality. The number of shots each time depends on the amount of food consumed at the previous time, and it is appropriate to increase or decrease the number of shots. When the temperature is high, invest less and diligently to prevent deterioration of water quality. If it is used in kelp or processed kelp, it should be fed every day, but the amount of feed should be strictly controlled, because at this time, it is easy to corrupt and spoil when the water temperature is high. .
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