Broiler standardized three-dimensional breeding mode, also known as 3D breeding, the author of more than two years of production practice, confirmed that compared with online raising, there is less investment, low incidence, high yield advantages, can make the broiler industry gradually out of the trough.
First, three advantages of three-dimensional breeding of broilers
1. Save space. Standard chicken cage area of ​​0.49 square meters, can raise 10 chickens weighing about 2.5 kilograms, that is, per square meter area can raise more than 20 chickens, while flat raising can only raise about 10 per square meter, can effectively use the chicken Space, save land resources.
2. The incidence is low. The three-dimensional breeding limits the range of chickens' activities and reduces the chance of chickens coming into contact with each other, which reduces the probability of spread of the disease. In addition, the range of veterinarians is small, and it is relatively easy to find frail and sick chickens so that they can be picked out in time and Its isolation observation can improve the survival rate of chicks and the cure rate of diseased chickens.
3. Save costs. (1) Save energy. Due to the higher culture density, the three-dimensional chicken house can save 5 kilograms of heating temperature in the same conditions than the flat chicken house in the same conditions. In general, the coal cost per chicken for raising broilers is 1.5-2 yuan, while the three-dimensional culture provides 0.6-0.8 yuan for each chicken in a well-ventilated environment. (2) Save on labor. The three-dimensional cage has a high density and uses automatic equipment to facilitate feeding and management, thereby reducing labor expenses. (3) Reduce drug use. A good hen house environment, the meticulous feeding and management is the key to the healthy growth of broilers, fewer chicken diseases, less natural drugs, but also produce green, healthy chicken products. (4) Save feed. The small amount of activity of the chickens reduces energy consumption, increases the same weight and saves feed. The three-dimensional culture can save 5%-10% of feed compared to flat raising.
Second, three-dimensional breeding management
1. Disinfection. Five days before the chick enters the farm, clean and disinfect the chicken house, avoid corrosive disinfectants such as caustic soda and prevent equipment damage. Then use 40 ml of formaldehyde and 20 g of potassium permanganate to fumigate every cubic meter of space. Seal the doors and windows immediately and open the windows for ventilation after 24 hours. At this time, people entering and leaving the house must be strictly disinfected so as not to damage the disinfection effect. The trough and drinking device are cleaned and disinfected. After the chicks arrive at the site, the floor is cleaned every day to reduce the stimulation of dust and chicken fluff on the respiratory tract. Every other day thereafter. To sterilize the chicken in the whole field, several kinds of disinfectant can be used interchangeably. When sterilizing, avoid the vaccination period more than 24 hours.
2. Temperature. There are temperature differences in the upper, middle and lower three-story cages of the three-dimensional culture, and the lower the outdoor temperature is, the greater the temperature difference is, and the temperature can be referenced. Brooding is usually at the highest level because the highest temperature is at the highest level, which is good for saving heat energy. The first day of the chicken enters the farm, the temperature is controlled at 33°C-34°C, and the temperature can be adjusted according to the condition of the chicks. When the temperature is appropriate, the chickens are distributed evenly, lively and active, and the appetite is exuberant; when the temperature becomes low, the chickens bend their necks back, concentrate towards the heat source, squeeze each other, and tremble; when the temperature is too high, the chickens drink water. Increases, loss of appetite, rapid breathing, and dip in the neck feathers. In the first week, the temperature dropped to 30°C, and then decreased by 2°C per week. The three-dimensional culture density was higher, which was 1°C-2°C lower than the raising temperature, so as to avoid heat stress and decreased feed intake.
3. Grouping. Three-dimensional broiler chickens are mostly used for whole-body chicks. When chicks are too dense, they must be grouped in a timely manner to ensure that the chicks are evenly weighed. The first grouping is usually in 12-16 days. The grouping is too early and the body size is too small. It is easy to drill in the gaps in the breeding cage, and it also causes space waste, thus wasting energy. In the second grouping, at the age of 25 to 28 days, the principle of “retaining strength without leaving strength†was adopted during group separation, and vigorous and robust grasping was carried out at the lower level and left weakly. In summer, due to the high temperature, the cage can be divided in advance. In winter, due to the large temperature difference between the upper and lower layers of the cage, the time for dividing the cage can be appropriately delayed, and one more cage is placed in the lower cage to reduce the temperature difference between the upper and lower layers.
4. Ventilation. The key to successful breeding is ventilation, reasonable ventilation, removal of harmful gases, control of temperature, reduction of ascites, chronic respiratory tract and E. coli diseases, etc. The density of the sheds in the three-dimensional breeding houses is large, so ventilation is more important. Within 24 hours after entering the venue, the entire sports space is large, and it is not necessary to ventilate. The 10,000 chicken houses can be used with a 60-cm exhaust fan for one week. Combined with the boiler, the boiler is set to increase the temperature and the fan is turned off; the fan starts and the boiler stops heating. Energy-saving methods. As the age of chickens increases, increase ventilation, adjust the location and size of air intakes, day, night, cloudy, sunny, spring and summer, autumn and winter, should be adjusted in a timely manner, to achieve the air inside the house without odor, not dazzling , No oxygen, more comfortable feeling, to create a good growth space for chickens, enhance the body's resistance to disease and reduce the incidence of the disease.
5. Equipment use. In large and medium-sized chicken farms, there are advanced equipment, but with advanced equipment, it is not always possible to raise chickens. With the continuous increase in scale and automation, breeding failures are not uncommon. The key lies in people and equipment. Organically combined, the operator must not only be familiar with the principle of the equipment, but also observe it attentively because the temperature of the thermostat and the temperature in the chicken house have a certain error. To minimize this error, the temperature of the house can be adjusted. The optimum temperature for the chicken to grow. In addition, the operator must be proficient in the use of equipment and chickens in various stages of feeding procedures, and timely detection and maintenance of equipment failure, once the equipment is used improperly or equipment failure, it will cause great economic losses.
6. Drinking water. With the long transportation process and the high temperature of the chicken house, the water consumption of the chicks is very high. Therefore, after the chicks enter the house, they can ensure that they can drink water within 2 hours. For some of the weak seedlings, they can be used to drink water by means of an artificial trick to make the chicks learn to drink water as soon as possible. The way to pouted is to hold the chick gently with your hand, and fix the head of the chicken with your thumb and forefinger so that the chicken can be immersed in water. In addition, the height of the automatic drinker should be moderate, the dripper should be too low, and the chicks should stand in the cup of the dripping head to get a wet bath; the drippers are too tall and the weak young drink is not watered. In addition, the pressure regulator on the drinking water line must be properly adjusted. The pressure is too high, the chicks are afraid to avoid, and water resources are wasted. The pressure is too low and the chicks at the terminal end may not reach the drinking level. As the chicken age increases, the water pressure must be increased. The chicks first drank 25°C warm boiled water and added 5% dextrose and 0.1% vitamin C to the water. Drinking fountains should be washed regularly. During the entire brooding period, the drinking water must not be interrupted. Starting from the second day of brooding, the drugs used to prevent chicks from white fleas should be added to drinking water.
7. Eat and feed. After the chicks enter the house, they must first feed water and feed them, which is beneficial to the digestion of the chicks. After drinking the water for 2-3 hours, the feed is put into the open food dish for chicks to feed. Three-dimensional breeding of an average of 25 chicks in a small food trough, must be added Tim Qin Tian, ​​to prevent feed pollution and mildew, open the trough generally use about 7 days, and then change the growth slot. The long slot area is large. When the feed is finished, the feeding rate of the chicks is reduced. Therefore, the brush should be used to sweep the feed to the side close to the chicken to facilitate the chicks to eat and also to prevent mildew in the feed. For the first 10 days, feed 6-8 times a day. In order to make the chicks have a good appetite, it is best to eat immediately but not yet eaten. In the first three days of the chicks, the timing and dosing were strictly controlled according to the feeding standards to prevent the broiler from growing too fast, resulting in incomplete development of the immune organs. As a result, the chickens had poor disease resistance in the late stage. food.
8. Light. The three-dimensional culture of chicken houses uses artificial light to facilitate the control of the illumination time. Usually, 7 days before brooding, 24-hour light is used, and the light is gradually reduced to 22 hours and then dark for 2 hours. The purpose is to allow the chicks to get used to the dark environment, so that they will not suffer from the panic caused by the sudden power outage and cause death due to crushing, and then gradually increase to 24 hours before the slaughter.
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