Hazelnut Tree Shaping
Features related to plastic trim:
(1) Zhuang Zhi, strong buds results. The difference between hazelnut trees and other fruit trees is that most of the flower buds are formed on long branches, and the more vigorous the tree vigor is, the more flower buds are. Therefore, the purpose of hazelnut tree pruning is to grow a sufficient number of long branches each year.
(2) Basal branch dominance. Naturally grown hazelnut trees tend to shrub-like, mainly basal shoots, and the lower branches have a strong ability to grow, resulting in weaker apexes. Therefore, in the trimming should pay attention to raise the angle, pay attention to the method of thinning, avoid the inhibition caused by the thinning of the front.
(3) Hazelnut sap flowed early. Because hazelnut trees have an early sap flow, pruning should be earlier than other fruit trees. The best time for fruit tree pruning is to end before the spring sap flow.
(4) The hazelnut tree is very bright. As the hazelnut tree is very bright, the excessive density of shoots can easily lead to death of the inner branch, resulting in the outward shift of the part.
(5) Hazelnut trees are seriously injured. When pruning, it should be noted that the number of large swarfs should not be too large. There should be plans for the year-to-year implementation of the large branches that should be eliminated.
Hybrid hazel trees, like other fruit trees, need to be combined with their own growth and development characteristics to carry out corresponding pruning, form a reasonable tree structure, balance the tree potential, adjust the relationship between growth and results, expand the crown as soon as possible to achieve early results, The purpose of early high yield. Shaping According to the growth characteristics of hazelnuts, it can take the pre-main trunk shape, later happy shape. The main purpose of pre-shaping is to expand the canopy, increase the number of branches, form a tree structure that can bear a certain amount of output, and lay a foundation for the results; pruning is to regulate the relationship between growth and results, and cultivate a sufficient number of robust results each year through pruning. The mother branch lays the foundation for the result.
Tree-shaped: There are two kinds: single-dry and plexiform.
Single stem shape: The trunk has a stem, stem height 40 to 50 cm, and 6 to 8 main stems distributed on the trunk. Each main branch is evenly distributed in different directions in the trunk, leaving side branches on the main branch, secondary branches on the side branch, and results. Branches form a trunk-shaped canopy, with a height of 3~4m. In the first year, immediately after planting in the spring, the dry height is set to 60~100cm (30% of the seedling height is cut off). In the second year, 3~4 main branches with different orientations are selected in the trunk, for each master. Branches and stems were cut short, cutting approximately 1/3 of the length of the shoots, and leaving the leaves full of shoots. In the third year, 2 to 3 lateral branches were selected on each main branch, and the lateral branch and main branch extension were shortened and the crown was gradually enlarged.
Plexus: usually retains 3-4 basal branches that spread evenly around them as main branches. There are lateral branches on the main branch and branch branches bearing the result of the branch group. The height of the tree is about 3m, and the tree is a plexiform natural happy shape. The shaping steps are as follows: In the first year, the seedlings should be re-cut, leaving only about 40cm to promote basal shoots. Reselect 3 to 4 main branches in the second year. In the second year, light and short cuts were made on the remaining 3 to 4 main branches. Reselect to leave 2~3 side branches also light and short cut. After the third year, the extended branches of the main lateral branches that have been selected for the short stay were continued to form a canopy-like canopy. Pay attention to timely removal of sprouted twigs.
Pruning method:
Dry
Drying height: Based on the classification of seedlings, depending on the height of the seedlings, the height of the seedlings is generally cut off by about 1/3. The root system is good, and the seedlings have a good maturity.
Short cut
Short cuts: According to the growth characteristics of hazelnuts, they are the result of strong shoots and strong shoots. The pruning method is mainly short cuts (flat hazel flat buns, actually short cuts). In order to expand the canopy, the saplings should be of appropriate size. The result is that the number of stubs in the tree is appropriately smaller. To cut short branches, strong branches, long branches. Buds with full and moderate length are left as the resulting mother branches. A short cut was made on the annual branches of the whole tree (30 to 80% of the shoots were cut off). As a result, the number of trees was generally about 30% of the total branch amount.
Thinning
The amount of thinning: For overly dense shoots, thin and weak branches should be properly removed according to the situation. The dense branches affect the ventilation and light transmission, but excessive removal can easily result in a decrease in output. Therefore, pay attention to the amount of thinning, under normal circumstances, the amount of thinning does not exceed 20% of the total branch amount is appropriate. The entire pruning of the entire tree should be controlled at about 30%.
Branch spacing
Branch spacing is the distance between the branches of the stem branches. The branch spacing of the stem branches was maintained at 40 cm or more by pruning. When the branch spacing is less than 40 cm, the stem branches that are uncomfortable in the dense or growing direction are removed from the base.
Opening angle
The opening of the tree body helps expand the canopy and increase the volume of results. However, hazelnuts have strong basal branches and their angles are too large, which tends to weaken the frontal growth potential and cause posterior strips, which is not conducive to the expansion of the crown. Therefore, the opening angle of main branch of hazel tree should be smaller than other fruit trees, and should generally not exceed 70.
In addition to sprouting
Hybrid hazelnuts have more pods and have a greater effect on tree growth. No matter what type of cultivation (except for the use of seedlings), the sprouting twigs that germinate at the base must be removed in time. Sprouting Litchi competes for nutrients with the tree throughout the growth process, which can reduce tree growth and yield formation.
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