In the one-year growth cycle of apple trees, the tree's resistance to rot was different at different times, and the occurrence of rot was also very different.
During the incubation period, the apple trees sprout from the spring to the deciduous period in November, which is also the period of disease resistance of apple trees to rot. During this period, the tree photosynthesis, water metabolism and other physiological activities are vigorous, can produce a large number of nutrients, and have strong resistance to rot disease. As a result, most apple orchards do not suffer from rot disease, except in poorly managed, weakly growing, and disease-resistant orchards. In the northwestern fruit region of China, apple trees began to produce wavy skin in June and peaked in July. In August, rot bacteria could be isolated on wadding skin. At the end of October, no rot lesions were observed in the healthy tissues under the burdock skin. It shows that in the disease-resistant period of apple trees, rot pathogens mainly parasitize dead tissue of dead skin, and generally do not spread to healthy skin and form rot lesions. During this period, the orchards saw rot lesions of varying sizes that were mostly leftover lesions that did not cure in the spring.
In the onset period, the apple tree emerged from the fallen leaves (November) to the spring of the next year. The leaves (the end of March or the beginning of April) were dormant and also the period of apple tree rot. Before the apple tree defoliates, a large amount of nutrients in the tree flow to the fruit. After deciduous, photosynthesis, water metabolism and other physiological activities are basically stopped. The content of nutrients such as sugar and nitrogen reaches the lowest level, and the tree is in a state of starvation and disease resistance. Very weak, the most prone to rot.
From February to March in spring (before leafing), it is said that the temperature gradually rises at the later stage of disease, which is suitable for the growth and reproduction of rot bacteria. The rot bacteria on the dead skin tissue will quickly invade the healthy bark and form new lesions. The original small lesions will rapidly expand and become large lesions after more than 10 days, which is the peak period of rot disease. After the buds have emerged from the apple tree, they enter the stage of disease resistance and rot disease ceases to develop.
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