Chinese cabbage seedling cultivation is very likely to cause early bolting and loss of commerciality. Not only will it not reach the market in early spring, but it will bring economic losses to vegetable farmers. The reason is not only caused by climate anomalies, but also caused by improper cultivation and management. Naturally, there are also improper selection of varieties and cultivation methods, and improper selection of cultivation seasons. Comprehensive analysis has led to the following reasons for early bolting.
1. Improper selection of varieties is the direct cause of early bolting
Everyone knows that Chinese cabbage requires different vernalization conditions than cabbage. Cabbage requires plants to grow to a certain size of vegetative body before they can lead to bolting through vernalization, so the same site even in different greenhouses in the same greenhouse, under the same management conditions After passing a cold, the seedlings that were planted in advance were all bolted, and the seedlings that were later planted were safe and sound. This phenomenon was called the green body vernalization type. However, Chinese cabbage can be treated with low temperature treatment from the beginning of seed germination, which belongs to the seed vernalization type. Therefore, the management of the cabbage seedlings is far higher than the conditions required by the cabbages. A slight oversight can cause early bolting. However, the sensitivity to low temperature varies among varieties, so the ability to resist bolting varies. In the past few years, the Chinese cabbage planted in the spring has generally adopted the “Spring and Summer Kingâ€, “Spring Yellowâ€, “Yangchunâ€, “Jinfengâ€, “Strong†and “High Cold Land†imported from South Korea. "The general" and the domestic "Lu Chunbai No.1", these varieties have great differences in resistance to bolting. Therefore, the more you go to the north, the more you should choose the variety that is resistant to bolting.
2, the choice of sowing time is not suitable, sowing planting too early is easy to cause early bolting
As mentioned above, Chinese cabbage belongs to the vernalization type of seeds. If the seeding is too early, the seedling age is long, and the seedling stage is in a long-term low temperature condition, it is easy to bolt the moss through the vernalization stage, especially when it encounters multiple attacks of cold current. It is necessary to pay attention to the heat preservation of the seedlings. Some people have determined that the temperature management of Chinese cabbage should not be lower than 13 °C. If it is lower than 13 °C, the seedlings receive low temperature and cause bolting. In the winter of 1996, the temperature of snow was low, and a certain vegetable farmer in Tieling planted a “Spring and Summer King†variety for a good harvest. In order to grab the morning market, the seedlings were planted in January, and in February, they were planted in a solar greenhouse, and the growth was neat and tidy. As a result, the ball was not wrapped and 100% bolted. After that, he obtained the claim from the seed management department and considered it to be caused by impure seed. January and February are the coldest months in China. It is not necessary to say that the low temperature year is that it is difficult to ensure that the normal year is not bolted, and that any variety has a certain range of response to low temperature, and there is no absolute low temperature resistant variety, otherwise It is impossible to harvest seeds. Generally, the seedling age of Chinese cabbage should be about 30 days, and then planted under suitable temperature management conditions.
The choice of growth period is generally based on early maturing varieties, short growth time, easy to manage, morning market. However, the growth period is related to temperature, and is generally cultivated in the cold season. The growth rate is slow, the time is long, and there is a potential risk of bolting. If cultivated in a slightly warmer season. The growth period is significantly shortened. Therefore, the correct choice of sowing date and time to market is also a factor that cannot be ignored.
3, the cultivation method is unreasonable, and no growth and development conditions are created to cause bolting
Some vegetable farmers have planted seedlings early in the morning for early planting and morning market, and then planted in the open field. In fact, they have passed vernalization during the growth period of the seedlings. Planting the open field and then encountering the cold spring, just picked up the ball moss and pulled out, this is the choice of cultivation methods. If the morning market, early seedlings will be planted in greenhouses with heating and heat preservation conditions, using plastic film and drip irrigation, can prevent flooding by flooding, and can reduce water humidity by saving water. In Shenyang, four types of cultivation can be taken in stages and planted in stages. It not only warms greenhouse seedlings, colonizes solar greenhouses, colonizes greenhouses in greenhouses, colonizes small-arched greenhouses in greenhouses, and broadcasts live in open fields.
4. Cultivation management technology is not in place
Any form of cultivation is inseparable from reasonable cultivation techniques. However, the focus here is on management technology. The temperature, water and fertilizer management and pest control techniques after planting are not in place. Some vegetable farmers adopt large fat water to promote the main planting. As a result, the seedlings are long and tender, and in the small closed arch shed, the young seedlings are easy to be frozen and easy to bake. As a result, the seedlings are damaged, which in turn affects growth and development and is susceptible to pests and diseases. Some seedlings passed the incomplete vernalization due to the premature release of the seedlings. In the early stage of the ball, the water and fertilizer did not keep up. The result was that the bag was coated with moss, which also seriously affected the commerciality.
How to cultivate good Chinese cabbage, avoid early bolting in early spring, and prevent pests and diseases. The main technical measures are as follows:
1. Choose the appropriate fine variety
At present, most of the resistant bolting varieties used in China come from South Korea and Japan. The domestic spring cabbage Chinese cabbage varieties have just started. There is a significant difference in the resistance to bolting between varieties, both foreign and domestic. Different varieties are selected in different regions, and it is not possible to generalize. In principle, the colder regions should choose varieties that are resistant to bolting. According to the test results in Shenyang, the order of resistance to bolting is Jinfeng - Strong - Chunhuang - High Cold Land - Yangchun - Spring and Summer King - Spring General - Lu Chunbai No. 1. The "Jinfeng" and "Strong" varieties have short columns and no bulges. They are more resistant to bolting and resistant to disease. The center pillars of "Yangchun", "Spring and Summer King", "Spring General" and other varieties have triangular bulges, and the resistance to bolting is not as good as the above-mentioned varieties, while "Luchunbai No.1" has lost all commercial properties. Therefore, the selection of excellent varieties can fundamentally prevent and solve the problem of early bolting in early spring cultivation.
2. Choose the right sowing time
Each variety has certain resistance to bolting and growth, and varieties that are generally resistant to bolting and have a slightly longer growth period can be sown early. It is generally suitable to use seedlings for seedlings, and the seedling age is guaranteed to be around 30 days. Different cultivation methods have different sowing dates. The sowing date of warming greenhouse seedlings in the solar greenhouse is generally in mid-February, but this type of investment is large and rarely used. The sowing date of planting in the greenhouse is usually in the middle and late February, and the small shed can be buckled in the greenhouse to ensure the morning market. The sowing date of planting in the small arch shed in the greenhouse is usually in early March. This cultivation method has less investment and is listed early and is widely used. The sowing date of open-field film covering live or open field seedling cultivation is generally in the middle of April. This cultivation method gradually increases the temperature and the pests are heavier. According to the above situation, it is not good to plant too early or too late. Premature temperature is low and easy to pass vernalization, early bolting occurs, too late, low yield, late listing, easy to get sick, poor efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly select the appropriate sowing date and strive for high efficiency.
3. Choose the appropriate cultivation method
It is necessary to determine a reasonable cultivation method according to the local climate characteristics. Taking Liaoning as an example, Dalian in southern Liaoning, Tieling in northern Liaoning, Jinzhou in western Liaoning, and Dandong in eastern Liaoning have different temperature performances in the same season. In the Tieling area, the protection type is mainly used to ensure the safety of the seedling period. In Dalian, it is possible to raise seedlings or open fields in advance. In the early days of early recovery in western Liaoning, the temperature difference is large, and it is also possible to raise seedlings early, but it is also necessary to prevent high temperature burning. Different cultivation methods have different seedling raising time. If the seedling raising time is too early, it cannot be planted in time, the seedlings will be too large, and it is bound to control the seedlings for a long time, and exposed to low temperature conditions, and at the same time, early bolting occurs. If the seedlings are early, there is no corresponding protective measure when planting, that is, the selection of cultivation methods is unreasonable, which also leads to bolting.
4. Choose the right management technology
After the seedlings are planted, especially under the conditions of protective measures, it is necessary to pay attention to temperature and water and fertilizer management. In the early stage, it is necessary to properly control the seedlings and strengthen the air release. Take the small arch shed in the open field as an example. Generally, the small arch shed with the Mulch Film is covered after a few days, and the seedling water is poured after the planting, and the water is controlled after the seedlings survive, especially in late April, noon. The temperature is very high, it must be properly ventilated to ensure that the temperature inside the arch shed is not too high, and as the external temperature rises, the wind can be blown in the leeward. When the external temperature is stable above 15 °C in early May, when the seedlings have grown to a large size and the top arch is small, the arches should be removed in time, cultivating and weeding, topdressing, and falling down the mulch. After the seedlings adapt to the external conditions, watering and fighting drugs to strengthen the field management, the latter to promote the vegetative growth, inhibit reproductive growth generally began to harvest in mid-May.
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