Recently, the price of pork finally broke "7", and the price of pig slaughtered rose and the pigs turned losses. This good news has brought back farmers who once used to breed. With the implementation of the harmless treatment of livestock and poultry and the concept of green species breeding, fermentation bed culture has become the focus of concern and discussion.
Deodorization and environmental protection, energy saving, grain saving, disease resistance, water saving and labor saving. This is the four major advantages of the goldfish fermentation bed. Farmers who have used our products have benefited a lot. In the past year or so, a lot of old customers have reflected the same question: "How do you handle the last litter used in the fermentation beds?". The customer started to worry about 100 cubic meters of litter. Some areas have very high requirements for environmental protection and they are not allowed to discharge. They can only use their own pockets to transport these to urban garbage disposal stations. It can be said that the fermentation beds are like pigs. It is a "treasure," and throwing it away is a huge waste. We have some remorse when we hear the customer do this. The following treasure companies do a special topic on how to effectively use fermented mattress materials.
First, the use of fermented mattress materials as organic fertilizer The livestock and poultry excrement is mainly composed of water, organic matter (protein, fat, plant fibers, intestinal endothelium and bacteria), inorganic salts and the like. The organic matter in the excrement cannot be absorbed by plants without treatment, and only after sufficient decomposing can it be used as an organic fertilizer. It is transformed into two processes in fermented mattress materials: one is the mineralization process of organic matter, which decomposes the complex organic matter into simple substances and generates carbon dioxide, inorganic compounds and water; the other is the humification of organic matter. The process, that is, organic matter is decomposed and re-synthesized to produce more complex humus. Both processes take place simultaneously.
1. Organic mineralization
1.1 Transformation of Nitrogenous Organic Matter by Microorganisms Nitrogen organics in feces can be divided into two types: first, protein types, such as various types of proteins (amino acids, alkaloids, etc.); second, non-protein types, such as urea and plant fibers. Wait. These nitrogen-containing organic compounds undergo hydrolysis, amination, nitrification, and denitrification processes under the action of microorganisms, and eventually decompose into inorganic nitrogen that can be absorbed by crops.
1.2 Microbial organisms on the transformation of phosphorus-containing organic matter Organic phosphorus in feces can be absorbed and used by plants after it is decomposed into inorganic soluble substances. Organic phosphorus mainly consists of nuclear proteins, nucleic acids, phospholipids, nuclide and other substances. Under the action of various microbial bacteria, the final product of decomposition is orthophosphoric acid and its salts, which can be used by plants for absorption and utilization.
1.3 Transformation of Sulfur-Containing Organic Matter by Microorganisms Sulfur-containing organic compounds such as sulphur-containing proteins, cystine, etc. in the manure produce hydrogen sulfide through the decomposing action of microbial bacteria, and this substance is easy to accumulate in anaerobic environment. Microorganisms can be poisonous, but the maintenance of the fermentation bed requires frequent overturning of the litter. Hydrogen sulfide is oxidized to sulphuric acid by the action of sulphur bacteria and oxygen, and forms sulphate with the salt-based ions in the feces. This not only eliminates the poisoning of hydrogen sulphide, but also It can also be easily absorbed as a sulfur nutrient.
It can be seen that the mineralization of organic matter in the feces plays a crucial role. The mineralization of the materials can provide crops with readily available nutrients such as NPK that can be absorbed, provide energy for microbial activity, and provide faeces. Prepare for the humification of complex organic matter. When the aerobic microbial activity in the litter is predominant, the organic matter rapidly mineralizes to generate more carbon dioxide, water and other nutrients, and the decomposition rate is fast and thorough, and a large amount of heat energy is released, which can kill harmful bacteria and aphids; When the activity of anaerobic microorganisms is dominated, the decomposition rate of organic matter is slow and not complete, and the release of heat energy is small. Apart from plant nutrients, the decomposition products also accumulate organic acids and reducing substances such as CH4, H2S, PH3, and H2. When it reaches a certain level, it is harmful to the crop. Therefore, it is particularly important for litter ventilation.
2. The humification process of organic matter is divided into two stages: In the first stage, the decomposition of feces provides the raw materials that make up the humic molecules, such as polyphenols, nitrogen-containing organic compounds (such as amino acids, peptides, etc.) and other mineralized intermediate products. In the second stage, the polyphenol oxidase secreted by the microorganism oxidizes the polyphenols to quinones, and the guanidine is condensed with amino acids or peptides to form the basic structural unit of the humus, and then under the action of the microorganisms and their secretory enzymes, and other The structural units are further condensed to form a complex and stable humus. What is described here is only a possible way to form humus. In fact, the formation, composition, and properties of humus are much more complex than those described above.
Second, the fermentation of mattress materials than ordinary organic fertilizer more excellent organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is an important criterion for judging the merits of organic fertilizer, first look at a set of three years after the use of litter and other fecal organic fertilizer comparison data.
Type organic matter % total nitrogen % total phosphorus % total potassium % nitrogen phosphorus potassium %
Pig manure 25.0 0.45 0.19 0.60 1.24
Pig manure 15.0 0.60 0.40 0.44 1.44
Calf dung 20.3 0.34 0.16 0.40 0.9
Cow dung 14.5 0.32 0.25 0.16 0.73
Sheep droppings 31.4 0.65 0.47 0.23 1.35
Fresh chicken dung 25.5 1.63 1.54 0.85 4.02
Horse dung 21.0 0.58 0.30 0.24 1.12
Fermented mattress material 47.4 3.15 2.84 1.63 7.62
From the table, it can be seen that the organic matter content of the fermented mattress material used for three years reached 47.4% more than that of other manure organic matter, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium reached an astonishing 7.62%. The reason is that the sawdust and rice husk used as raw materials in the litter played an important role. A concept was repeatedly mentioned in the instructions for the use of the Fertilizer Fertilizer Fertilizer Starter, carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N), which is an important parameter in the material fermentation. When a microorganism decomposes an organic matter, about 1 part of nitrogen is required to convert 5 parts of carbon to constitute its own cell body, because the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the microorganism itself is about 5:1. In the conversion (absorption and utilization) of 1 part of carbon, 4 parts of organic carbon are needed to obtain energy. Therefore, when microorganisms absorb and use 1 part of nitrogen, 25 parts of organic carbon are consumed. That is, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen of the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms is maintained at 25:1. If the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is too large, the decomposition of microorganisms will be slow. The principle of using this principle is that the golden treasure dry fermentation bed has a carbon to nitrogen ratio as high as 493:1. The content of carbon in the sawdust is mostly carbon, and the nitrogen is slowly provided by the livestock and poultry excrement, with a 20 square meter From the fermentation bed, 7 batches were slaughtered in 3 years. Each pig can excrete 0.4 tons of excreta from birth to slaughter. The life cycle of the whole fermentation bed can decompose 42 tons of excreta. Remove 70% of the water, for up to three years, most of the organic matter and nutrients in the excreta become a good organic fertilizer under the joint molding of sawdust and microbes. No matter whether it is ordinary compost or organic fertilizer fermented with starter, it can not reach the long-term nutrient sedimentation of fermented mattress material.
In addition, during the three-year fermentation process, a large number of beneficial bacteria have been bred in the fermentation bed. After repeated tests, the dry matter content of the litter has reached 35 million gram per gram. Let us compare the two important parameters of the standard of bio-organic fertilizer that is currently available in the market, the Department of Agriculture's standard NY 884-2012: 1 the number of viable bacteria (cfu), billion/g ≥ 0.20; 2 organic matter (dry basis) ), % ≥ 40.0. The content of organic matter and beneficial bacteria in fermented mattress materials far exceeded this standard.
These high-quality organic fertilizers can be used for farmland and greening without any processing. If you do not plant, direct baggage sale will increase your income.
III. Degradation of Heavy Metals by Microorganisms Some customers may be concerned that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and organic matter have accumulated during the entire three-year use of the fermentation bed. Is it possible that the heavy metals will accumulate and cause excessive levels? We have detected that this worry is redundant. Taking the mercury element as an example, the fungus in the microbial flora breaks the mercury bond of organic mercury catalyzed by the organic mercury lyase, and then reduces the inorganic Hg2+ to Hg0 by the dimer enzyme-mercury reductase that is dependent on NADPH and FAD as the coenzyme. , so the harm is reduced by 100 times. Similarly, other heavy metals such as chromium, cadmium, lead, and arsenic are degraded by complex biochemical processes such as adsorption, active transport, extracellular precipitation, and transformation and detoxification.
Jinbao fermentation bed is alive. After working hard for three to four years, it can be used as a high-quality organic fertilizer. This not only improves the customer's economic income, but also makes an indelible contribution to respond to energy conservation, environmental protection, and green farming. Details can be consulted: Beijing Huaxia Kangyuan Technology Co., Ltd. Telephone Toll Free Hotline:
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