In 2015, China’s population reached 1.36 billion and its grain output was 5.8 million to 600 million tons. At the peak population of 1.6 billion, grain production can reach 6.4 to 660 million tons. Obviously, in the medium and long term, the per capita annual grain consumption is basically Is a constant value. That is, 358-400 kilograms. In recent years, China's total grain output and inventories have decreased. According to statistics, China's annual grain use for feed accounts for more than 30% of the total grain consumption, and it is impossible to produce more food for feed grains. . For more than 20 years, the feed grain has been continuously increasing, and the proportion of feed grain to total grain output has increased from 15% in 1977 to 38.5% in 2015. During this period, the annual growth rate of total grain output was 1.7%, and feed grain was 5.5%. In the future, with the rapid development of animal husbandry, the total demand for feed grains will continue to increase, the food gap for feed will increase year by year, and the contradiction of inadequate feed grains will become increasingly prominent. Both in the present and in the future, China will face serious food shortages. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and utilize various potential feed resources and adjust the structure of animal husbandry. Just as Comrade Wen Jiabao of the former Premier pointed out in the instructions for straw culture, “straw resources Utilization is an important measure to promote the simultaneous development of grain production and animal husbandry by combining farming and animal husbandry.
In recent years, the scale and number of herbivores such as cattle and sheep have been continuously increased, and the demand for green feed is also increasing. In response to the country's call for the development of straw livestock husbandry and straw recycling, and the restructuring of livestock and poultry, and the development of a grain-saving livestock husbandry, Beijing Huaxia Kangyuan Technology Co., Ltd. promotes the utilization of corn straw for silage The quality has obviously improved. The most widely used crop stalk is corn stalk, which is rich in nutrients, and its utilization mode has experienced two phases: pure corn stalk silage and whole plant corn silage. At this stage, most farming units use whole-plant corn silage, that is to say, the green corn stalk and ear are put into the fermentation tank together, and the jinbao silage starter is added under anaerobic conditions to hydrolyze and acidify the beneficial lactic acid bacteria in the starter. The production of lactic acid not only improves the palatability of the feed but also enriches the nutrients. It also inhibits the propagation of other harmful microorganisms, prevents the feed from fermenting in the direction of energy loss, and allows its nutrition to be preserved for a long time.
I. Status of straw silage
1. It is more commonly used in dairy cows
In dairy farming, most farms use straw silage and basically guarantee supply throughout the year.
2. Extending in the storage season
In the past, silage was mainly concentrated in the autumn. Summer corn stalks were stored, and straw storage for spring corn was relatively small. In order to alleviate the insufficient supply of forage grass during the summer-autumn alternation season of dairy cattle and other herbivorous animals, some farms actively organized silage preservation of spring maize and achieved multi-seasonal silage of corn.
3 expand the scope of use
While vigorously promoting the use of straw silage technology at dairy farms, silage is also being used at beef and lamb farms.
4. Problems to be solved
1 The ideology is not in place. Some breeding units did not fully understand the economic development mode, the comprehensive utilization of natural resource consumption, the development of grain-saving and straw-type animal husbandry, and lacked enthusiasm for silage utilization of crop straw, satisfying the traditional and customary practices.
2 insufficient funds. Some breeding units are not willing to invest and think that the construction of silage fermentation tanks and procurement of silage machinery and equipment investment is relatively large, that the self-cultivation or acquisition of silage stalks occupying funds concentrated, shortsighted, do not see the potential benefits.
3 The quality of fermentation auxiliaries does not pass. The quality of the silage starter determines the quality of the entire feed stock. The source of strains from some manufacturers is unknown, and the production is out of specification. If such strains are used to make silage, there may be conditions such as weak breeding capacity, high bacterial count, incomplete silage, or short storage time. Fermentation bacteria only account for a small part of the cost of silage, but it is the soul of fermentation. Jinbao's silage starter is refined using biotechnology from the Agricultural University and Military Academy of Sciences. It can make fermentation easier and give silage better taste and richer nutrition.
4 technical talent but hard. Some farms do not pay attention to the accumulation of learning and experience, lack specialized technical personnel, and there are many problems such as storing too much, bad, eating less, and affecting the enthusiasm of straw silage.
5 Do not plan. Some farms have poor plans for linking silage work in spring and autumn, self-cultivation and outsourcing silage materials, and there is a structural disconnect between raw material quantity, storage quantity, and use quantity, resulting in shortage or waste.
II. Features of Corn Silage Produced with Fertilizer Fermentation Aids
1. Rich nutrition, balanced supply
The period of January-December each year is the most lack of green feed, which brings a great loss to the animal husbandry. A good supply of corn straw silage can greatly increase the balanced supply of green feed. The nutrient loss of corn stalks after drying can be 20%~30%, sometimes even over 40%, and only 5%~8% after silage, especially effective in preserving vitamins and increasing protein content.
2. Easy to make and low cost
Straw silage only needs to build a brick-concrete fermentation tank and purchase a plastic film according to the size of the tank. If you want to reduce costs, you can also use a rectangular kiln, covered with plastic film and straw. Compared with dried yellow grass, silage straw used in farms can save manpower, material and time for grasses and grasses, and has lower costs.
3. Good palatability, high digestibility
Silage maintains 60% to 70% of the original water content. The color is still green, has a sweet and sour wine aroma, taste is tender and juicy, good palatability, digestibility can be increased by 25%.
4. Take full advantage of reducing pollution
Straw burning has become one of the chief culprits of public hazards and smog. The state has been promoting the dangers of straw burning, and awarding straw as silage has not only realized the full use of resources, but also improved the economic benefits and also met the national environmental protection policy, achieving the goal of emission reduction.
Three. Analysis of Economic Benefits of Corn Stalk Silage
Compared with traditional dairy cattle breeding using concentrated feed and dried yellow grass, the economic benefits of straw silage are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. The animal itself
Taking dairy cows for example, from the standpoint of the growth and development of dairy cows, long-term feeding of straw silage has the following advantages: it can prolong the peak period of milk production and increase the milk production, if relying on the feeding method of concentrate feed and yellow storage, each head It is difficult for dairy cows to break through 5 tons of milk production per year. However, straw silage is used to feed dairy cows with an annual milk yield of over 7 tons. Dairy cows have regular estrus, ovulation is normal, and fertility rates are increased by 15%. The interval is shortened; the cow's physique is good, the hair color is bright, and the incidence is reduced.
2. Farm
From the farm side, the feeding of straw silage can enable dairy cows to eat fresh green succulent feed year round. Under the same management conditions, milk production can increase by 10% to 15%, and the milk fat percentage can be increased by 10%. 16, milk protein can reach more than 3%, milk fat can reach 5%, than the average purchase price of raw milk increased by 8%, significant increase in economic efficiency.
3. Maize growers
From the perspective of corn growers, generally, after the maturity of corn, the harvested acres averaged 0.5 tons and the gross income was more than 1,000 pieces; if the whole plant had corn straw silage at the wax ripening stage, the yield per mu was 3.5 to 4 tons, according to the current acquisition. The price, gross income can reach more than 1100, and income is basically flat. However, when planting, silage corn can be properly planted and the yield per mu can reach above 6.5 tons. For example, for cultivation of special silage corn varieties, the yield per mu will be higher, and the yield per mu can reach 1,700 yuan or more. Moreover, the whole plant corn harvested at the wax ripening stage can be used to save the corn harvesting, threshing, and drying of the workforce as compared to the sale of the grain and straw separately after maturity. In addition, after silage maize is harvested in advance, farmers can take time out to cultivate soil more carefully to make full preparations for winter wheat sowing. Mu gains 100 to 200 yuan.
Four. The whole process of straw silage
Build a pool
The construction of a fermentation tank is to choose a location convenient for drainage, solid soil, high dryness, close to cattle and sheep cages, and easy access to feed. The fermentation tank is preferably rectangular, and the size is determined based on the amount of silage material. Generally, 500-600 kg of corn stalks can be silaged per cubic meter. The bottom of the fermentation tank is smooth and solid, and the inner wall is smooth. The four corners are made semicircular to facilitate the compaction of raw materials.
2. Selection of materials
Corn should be harvested before maturity or during the wax ripening period, and the lower straw should be properly excised and silaged quickly.
3. Short (crush)
Silage corn stalks generally need to be crushed to 3 cm or less (feeding sheep 1 to 1.5 cm, feeding cattle 2 to 3 cm), corn ear can be cut off together.
4. Inoculation
This is the most important step, 5 tons of silage materials with goldfish starter 1 kg. The gold babe silage fermentation aid with rice bran (wheat bran or corn flour) in proportion of about 1:10 dilution, spray water, material moisture adjusted to 60-70%, standby. Whether the water is suitable or not is judged by the method: grab a handful of material, see the water does not drip, the floor can disperse.
5. Stepping
A layer of plastic film is laid on the bottom of the tank and around it to prevent mildew in the contact of silage corn with the soil. The moisture content of the silage material was adjusted to 60-70%, and then began to install the pool, with the equipment with the step, while loading raw materials, while spreading the ferment agent, each loaded with 30 cm or so, 1 step, in particular, the more the edge step The better, special attention should be paid to the pool corner, the bag side of the compaction. Fill the whole pool as much as possible.
6. Sealed pool
The load should be 30 cm above the edge to prevent the silage from sinking. Surround with a board, etc., remove the board after sinking for 2-3 days, cover with a layer of grass that is cut short to 5-10 cm and a thickness of about 20 cm, and then cover the soil with a solid cover. The thickness of the cover soil is 60 cm. In the shape of a hoe, take a flat surface and dig a drain around the pit. The first few days should pay attention to the inspection and found that the cover cracks repaired in time. When the silage is produced by the plastic film covering method, the other steps are the same as the general silage, but it should be noted that after the final covering of the plastic film, the soil is pressed or pressed with other heavy materials, and the film should be tightly sealed to prevent air leakage.
7. Open the pool
After about 20 days (if the nutrients can be fermented for 40 days, the nutrition is more abundant and the taste of the feed is better), the fermentation can be completed. Open the pool and feed it.
Details can be consulted: Beijing Huaxia Kangyuan Technology Co., Ltd. Telephone Toll Free Hotline:
Recommended reading:
1. Insist on the use of microbial agents to allow seven-year-old sheds to remain "lasting forever."
2. Microbial fertilizers will become a boost to agricultural production
Seafood Mix,Squid And Mussel Meat Mix,Monkfish And Shrimp Mix,Frozen Seafood Mix With Octopus
Zhoushan Haiwang Seafood Co., Ltd. , https://www.haiwangseafoods.com