Effect of Xigui on learning and memory function in mice
Abstract: Objective To study the effect of Xigui on learning and memory function in mice. Methods The effects of Xigui on learning and memory dysfunction induced by scopolamine, sodium nitrite and ethanol were observed by the method of jumping platform and avoiding darkness. Results Compared with the model group and the solvent group, Xigui could significantly prolong the latency of mice with learning and memory impairment caused by scopolamine, sodium nitrite and ethanol (household <0.05 or household <0.01), and can reduce the number of errors ( Household <0.05 or <0.01). Conclusion Xigui has the effect of improving learning and memory impairment in mice. î—
Key words: Xigui; mouse; learning and memory
The root of the Umbelliferae plant, the Tibetan deciduous deciduous genus (A/MWeBobs.), also known as the sole-legged angelica, is mainly distributed in the western part of China. It has been used for more than a hundred years in the folk. Dali in Yunnan has artificial cultivation. It is used by local people as a nourishing vegetable. Fresh food can also be eaten raw and has a unique flavor. Western fragrant, sweet, slightly bitter; with blood, qi, menstruation and other effects Modern pharmacological research shows that Xigui has anti-fatigue, anti-hypoxia, anti-oxidation and other effects. However, there is no report on the study of Xigui's learning and memory dysfunction. This article will lay the theoretical foundation for the further development of Xigui by studying the effects of Xigui on learning and memory impairment caused by various chemical drugs.
1 materials and instruments
1.1 Materials
Xigui, purchased from Machang Township, Heqing County, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province, was identified as the root of the umbelliferous plant Tibetan deciduous milk by Professor Ma Xiaotong, Department of Biopharmaceutics, Dali College of Pharmacy; ginsenoside (GS), Huizhou Oriental Plant Health Technology Co., Ltd., batch number; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), Huainan Shanhe Pharmaceutical Excipient Co., Ltd., batch number 030603; î—¥ 95% ethanol, purchased from Dali Boyuan Chemical; anhydrous ethanol, Tianjin No. 1 Chemical Reagent, batch number: 060824; scopolamine hydrobromide, Shanghai Hefeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., batch number; sodium nitrite, Chongqing Chemical Reagent General Plant, batch number: 970923.
1.2 Instrument
RE52-05 Rotary Evaporator, Shanghai Yarong Biochemical Instrument Factory; XR-3TB platform test system, Shanghai Xinsoft Information Technology Co., Ltd.; XR-XB110 dark system, Shanghai Xinsoft Information Technology Co., Ltd.
2 animals
KM mice, male and female, weighing 18-22 g, were provided by the Experimental Animal Research Institute of the People's Hospital of Sichuan Provincial Academy of Sciences, license number: SCXK (chuan) 2004-15.
3 methods
3.1 Extraction of Xigui and preparation of solution
3.1.1 Extract the dried crude medicine, the crude powder, 10 000.00g, reflux with 45% ethanol for 4 times, then combine the filtrate, concentrate under reduced pressure, and finally obtain the dregs 1798.26g, the extraction efficiency is 17.98. %, ie 1 g of extract is equivalent to 5.56 g of crude drug.
3.1.2 Preparation of 1% CMC-Na Appropriate amount of CMC-Na was prepared and prepared to the desired concentration with purified water.
3.1.3 Preparation of Seogwi sol. 121 According to the maximum dose of mice to Xigui, the dosage is 404.4 ng. The high doses of kg_, d_, Xigui, the middle dose of Xigui and the low dose of Xigui were 1/5, 1/10, 1/20 of the maximum dose, respectively, that is, the doses were 80.88.g.kg. —1, 40.44  g.kg'  20.22  g. kg -1. 0.2 ng. (10 g wide intragastric administration, should be formulated into 72.8%, 36.4%, 18.2% Seigui solution.
3.1.4 î—¥ 1% GS preparation with GS dose 200 ng.kg_1, the dosage volume of 0.2 mM. (lOgT1, that should be formulated 1% GS solution. Take 1.00 î—¥ î—¥ GS, formulated with purified water to the desired concentration.
3.15 î—¥ î—¥ 12% nitrous oxide preparation with a nitrous surface dose of 120 î—¥ mg. î—¥ kg 'dosing capacity 0.1 î—¥ mL * î—¥ (10 î—¥ g) 'that should be formulated 1.2% sodium nitrite solution. Take 1.20 g of sodium nitrite and prepare to the desired concentration with purified water.
3.1.6. Preparation of 40% ethanol Take 20 mL of absolute ethanol and dilute to the desired concentration with purified water.
3.2 Xigui's memory reproduction caused by ethanol
3.2.1 The jumping method was used to take 84 mice of KM type, male and female, and randomly divided into 7 groups, which were normal group, model group, solvent group, Xigui high-dose group, Xigui middle-dose group, and Xigui low. In the dose group and the ginseng saponin group, each group was intragastrically administered once a day for 6 days, and the normal group and the model group were given an equal volume of physiological saline, and the solvent group was given an equal volume of solvent. At 1 h after the last dose, the mice were first acclimated to 3 min in the platform and then trained for 5 min at a current of 0.4 mA. 24 h after training (1 h before the test, give 1 more medicine). The normal group was given an equal volume of normal saline, and the other groups were intragastrically administered with 40% ethanol 0.1 mM (1 î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ 30 mM test after the test ), the latency and number of errors of the mice within 5 min were recorded.
3.2_2 Avoiding the dark method Take 77 mice of KM mice. The animals were grouped, the time of administration, the method of administration and the dose of administration were the same as the platform method. The training was started 1 h after the last administration (the mice were adapted first). The environment is 3 min, and then trained at a current of 0.4 mA. 24 h after training (1 h before the test, give 1 more medicine), the normal group was given an equal volume of normal saline, and the other groups were given 40% ethanol. lmL.(10 Ì„g) After 30 minutes of testing (put the animal into the bright room, facing the hole), record the latency and number of errors of the mouse within 5 minutes.
3.3 The influence of Xigui on the memory fragmentation caused by Dongpu reduction
3.3.1 Jumping method Take 84 KM mice, male and female, randomly divided into 7 groups, which are normal group, model group, solvent group, Xigui high-dose group, Xigui middle-dose group, and Xigui low. In the dose group and the ginsenoside group, each group was intragastrically administered once a day for 6 î—¥ î—¥, wherein the normal group and the model group were given an equal volume of physiological saline, and the solvent group was given an equal volume of solvent. 45 minutes after the last administration, Xigui group and model group mice were intraperitoneally injected with 2 mg.kg-1 scopolamine hydrobromide. The normal group was intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of normal saline. After 15 min, the training was started. The mice were adapted to 3 min in the platform and then trained for 5 min at a current of 0.4 mA. After 24 h, the test was started (1 h before the test, and 1 more drug was given). At the beginning of the test, the mice were placed on the platform and the latency and error of the mice at 5 mM in current 0.4 mA were recorded. frequency.
3.3.2 Avoiding the dark method Take 77 mice of KM type, the animal grouping, administration time, administration method and dosage are the same as the jumping method, 45 minutes after the last administration, Xigui group and model The group was intraperitoneally injected with 2 mg.kg-1 scopolamine hydrobromide. The normal group was intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of normal saline. After 15 min, the training was started (the mice were placed in the darkness to adapt to the environment 3 min, then at a current of 0.4 Train for 5 min under mA.). After 24 h, the test was started (1 h before the test, and 1 more drug was given). At the beginning of the test, the animals were placed in the bright room, back to the hole, and the incubation period of the mouse at a current of 0.4 mA was recorded for 5 min. The number of errors.
3.4 Effect of Xigui on memory consolidation barrier caused by sodium nitrosonate
3.4.1 Jumping method Take 84 mice of KM type, male and female, randomly divided into 7 groups, which are normal group, model group, solvent group, Xigui high dose group, Xigui middle dose group, Xigui low. In the dose group and the ginseng glucoside group, each group was intraperitoneally administered once a day for 6 days, and the normal group and the model group were given an equal volume of physiological saline, and the solvent group was given an equal volume of solvent. Training was started 1 h after the last dose (the mice were first acclimated to 3 min in the platform and then trained for 5 min at 0.4 mA). After training, each group and model group of Xigui immediately underwent subcutaneous injection of 120 mg.kg_l sodium nitrite, and the normal group was injected subcutaneously with an equal volume of normal saline. The test was started after 24 h (1 h before the test, and 1 more drug) At the beginning of the test, the mice were placed on the platform and the latency and number of errors in the mice at 5 mM of current 0.4 mA were recorded.
3.4.2 Avoiding dark method 77 mice of KM mice were selected. The animals were divided into groups, the time of administration, the method of administration and the dose of administration were the same as the platform method. The training was started 1 h after the last administration. Put in the darkener to adapt to the environment 3  min, and then train for 5 min at a current of 0.4 mA.). After the training, the drug-administered group and the model group were immediately subcutaneously injected with 120 μg·kg-1 sodium nitrite, and the normal group was subcutaneously injected with an equal volume of physiological saline. After 24 h, the test was started (1 h before the test, and 1 more drug was given). At the beginning of the test, the animals were placed in the bright room, back to the hole, and the incubation period of the mouse at a current of 0.4 mA was recorded for 5 min. The number of errors.
3.5 statistical methods
The latency was analyzed by the variance analysis LSD method in the SPSS î—¥ 13.0 software package, and the number of errors was statistically analyzed by the Games-Howell method.
4 discussion
Learning and memory are the elements that constitute the highest function of the brain, and play a decisive role in the process of intelligent development. Learning refers to the acquisition and development of new behaviors (experiences), and memory is the preservation and reproduction of experience through learning. Learning and memory is a very complex process of neural activity. It is closely related to neurotransmitters (mainly acetylcholine), adrenaline, serotonin and oxygen in the brain. The lack of brain in these substances can lead to the acquisition and consolidation of learning and memory. And reproduce obstacles. At present, the learning, memory, and reproducibility of learning and memory caused by scopolamine, sodium nitrite and ethanol are recognized as tools for learning and learning disorders.
In recent years, the pharmacological studies of Xigui have shown that Xigui has anti-fatigue and anti-hypoxia effects. Anti-fatigue and anti-hypoxia can promote the role of learning and memory. Therefore, it is believed that Xigui may have the function of promoting learning and memory. Through the two methods of jumping and avoiding darkness, the effects of Xigui on the learning, memory and reconstruction and reconstruction of mice induced by scopolamine, sodium nitrite and ethanol were studied. The experimental results show that Xigui can significantly increase the latency of mice with learning and memory impairment caused by scopolamine, sodium nitrite and ethanol, and can reduce the number of errors, indicating that Xigui has the effect of improving learning and memory. Its mechanism of action may be related to the promotion of central cholinergic nervous system activity, anti-cerebral ischemia and hypoxia. However, learning and memory is a complex physiological process. Therefore, it is still necessary to further study the mechanism of learning and memory by Xigui.
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