Millet is an important specialty grain crop in China, which is mainly divided into three main producing areas: Northeast Spring Valley, Northwest Spring Valley and North China Summer Valley. In recent years, new varieties of high-quality, herbicide-resistant and medium-dwarf stalks suitable for mechanized harvesting have been promoted, and new technologies such as mechanized film mulching, water-seeding mulching, precision seeding, and light simplification have been applied, which has promoted the development of millet production. In order to improve the scientific and technological level of millet production, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Small-scale Grain and Bean Experts Guidance Group and the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center proposed the 2019 Guzi production technical guidance.
First, the northeast spring broadcast area
The area includes Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and eastern Inner Mongolia, with a high degree of scale and mechanization.
(1) Choosing excellent varieties
Generally choose the high-quality, high-yield, lodging-resistant, drought-tolerant, disease-resistant, herbicide-resistant varieties suitable for local cultivation, taking into account market demand and mechanized production requirements, and avoid blind introduction.
(2) Choosing a suitable cultivation technology model
Generally, the production mode of machine cultivating + machine broadcasting + combine harvester, machine cultivating + machine broadcasting + cutting machine + thresher is selected. The cold and dry area with short frost-free period can be equipped with matching film-planting machine, and the micro-drill film side ditch is selected. Or soaking mode such as full film covering, combined with water-saving cultivation techniques such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation.
(3) Site preparation and fertilization
Millet seeds are small, and it is recommended to fine the soil to promote the whole seedling to promote the seedlings. In the autumn, the ploughing and turning, the early spring, the rotation, the smashing, the suppression, so that the plot is on the virtual. Applying the base fertilizer, generally based on farmyard manure or organic fertilizer, can also be replaced by compound fertilizer such as diammonium phosphate. The suitable fertilizer amount is about 8-10 kg of pure nitrogen and 8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide. The plots with good soil moisture can be cultivated without no-tillage. The plots with poor grievances can be planted after the land has been tidyed up by rain or combined with the groundwater.
(4) Suitable sowing
Areas with short frost-free periods such as Heilongjiang generally start planting around April 20, and Liaoning, Jilin, and eastern Inner Mongolia are generally planted from early May to May 20, not later than the end of May. Areas with better rainfall and heat can be spread in the open field of the millet driller, and the row spacing is generally about 50 cm to facilitate the operation of the cultivating machinery.
(5) Reasonable close planting
The basic seedlings of mu are generally 30,000 to 40,000, and the amount of fine seeding is generally 0.2-0.35 kg. After sowing, there is no need for seedlings; when inseparable, it can generally be used in 0.5-1.0 kg, and artificial seedlings or chemical after sowing. Miao Miao, to ensure a reasonable group.
(6) Field management
1. Miao weeding. The precision seeding plot can simplify the seedlings or the seedlings, and the herbicide-tolerant varieties use the matching herbicide seedlings and weeding 6-15 days after emergence. Generally, the soil-enclosed herbicide is sprayed after sowing and before emergence, and is used according to the instructions. The membrane side cultivation is used instead of the open field to reduce the use of herbicides, and the whole membrane cover generally does not use herbicides.
2. Fertilizer management. The mulching film should be applied to the base fertilizer, 40-50 kg of slow-release formula fertilizer or 50-60 kg of NPK compound fertilizer, and 3 areas of farmyard manure or 300-500 kg of bio-organic fertilizer. In the open field cultivation, the base fertilizer can be reduced as appropriate, and 10 kg of urea is applied in combination with the cultivating and cultivating soil before the ridge is closed, and 10 kg of urea is applied in the flowering and filling period, and the potassium fertilizer can be sprayed in the middle of the filling. Millet is drought-tolerant and suffocating. When it is raining, it should be drained in time. When there is less rainfall, there are irrigated conditions that can be watered 1-2 times during the booting stage and flowering filling stage.
3. Pest control. Seed dressing before planting to prevent disease occurrence, and clear the field disease plants in time for planting.
4. Harvest at the right time. 95% of the grain is harvested in time to avoid quality degradation, grain granulation and germination in the rain. The plain area can be harvested by a cut-flow combine harvester; the hilly mountain area can be harvested by a multi-purpose rice harvester and a threshing machine. The grain moisture content of millet after harvest is generally 20%-30%. It should be aired or dried in time to reduce the grain water content to less than 13%.
Second, the northwest spring broadcast area
This section distinguishes between early maturing areas and mid-late maturing areas with a large span. The early maturing areas include Chifeng and Hohhot in Inner Mongolia, Datong in Shanxi, Zhangjiakou in Hebei, Yulin in Shaanxi, Central Gansu and Hexi Corridor in southern Sichuan, and southern Ningxia. The middle and late maturing areas include southwestern Shanxi, Yan'an in Shaanxi, southern Gansu, and Chengde in Hebei.
(1) Choosing excellent varieties
The selection method of the variety refers to the northeast spring valley area.
(2) Choosing a suitable cultivation technology model
You can choose the production mode of machine cultivating + machine broadcasting + mulching film (water permeable film) covering + cutting machine + thresher. The film mulching method can be covered by micro mulch side ditch or full film covering, and the film mulching matching machine can be promoted. The area can be combined with technologies such as sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation.
(3) Site preparation and fertilization
After the harvest in the autumn and autumn, the ploughing and ploughing will be carried out in the spring, and in the spring, combined with fertilization, the rotary tillage, hoeing and repression will be carried out to achieve the virtual reality on the plot. Land plots with good soil moisture can be grazing without ploughing for conservation, and plots with poor soil moisture can be planted after rainfall. Dryland fertilization advocates the use of farmyard manure and organic fertilizer, and the base fertilizer is applied again, with less topdressing. When there is no farmyard manure and organic fertilizer, compound fertilizers such as diammonium phosphate can be applied. Generally, 8-10 kg of pure nitrogen and 8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide are applied per mu.
(4) Suitable sowing
The suitable sowing date in this area is generally from late April to mid-May, and all areas should be planted in conjunction with actual conditions. Generally, the early maturing area is sown from late April to early May, and the mid-late maturing area is sown from early May to mid-May. Areas with better rainfall and heat can be broadcast on the open field of the driller, with a line spacing of about 50 cm to facilitate the operation of the cultivator.
(5) Reasonable close planting
This area is suitable for 30,000 to 40,000 mu of seedlings, and the conventional seedlings are suitable for seedling density of 25,000 to 30,000, and the hybrid millet is suitable for seedling density of 1.2 to 15,000. In the case of conventional sowing, the average acreage is 0.5-0.75 kg. After the emergence of the seedlings, the artificial seedlings are combined to ensure the appropriate seedling density. When the precision is planted, the precision seeding machine can be used for sowing. The general acreage is 0.25-0.40 kg, and the seedlings are not used after sowing.
(6) Field management
Refer to the field management method of the Spring Valley in Northeast China.
Third, North China Summer Broadcasting Area
The Xiagu District of North China mainly includes the central and southern Hebei, Shandong, Henan and other provinces. The millet in this area is mainly summer after wheat harvest, and a few areas are spring sowing.
(1) Choosing excellent varieties
Choose high-quality, high-yield, herbicide-resistant, medium-dwarf varieties suitable for industrial development.
(2) Site preparation and fertilization
When the wheat is harvested, keep the wheat stubble as low as possible and pack the wheat straw and take it away. For the higher field of wheat stubble, the mites should be used to kill the mites for more than 2 times, and then planted on the ground. Fertilization in spring sowing can refer to the northeast spring valley area.
(3) Suitable seeding
Suitable for the sowing date from the beginning of June to the end of June, if the spring sowing should not be too early, to avoid aggravating the virus disease.
(4) Reasonable close planting
The basic seedlings of mu are 4 to 50,000. The sowing amount and seedling protection method refer to the northeast spring valley area.
(5) Field management
Refer to the field management method of the Spring Valley in Northeast China. (Agricultural and Rural Ministry)
This article URL: 2019 Millet Planting Production Technical Guidance
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